微觀經(jīng)濟學英文課件ch(1)(完整版)
【正文】 ax When supply is relatively elastic, the deadweight loss of a tax is large. (b) Elastic Supply (b) 供給富有彈性 Tax Distortions and Elasticities... 稅收扭曲和彈性 Quantity Price Demand Supply 0 When demand is relatively inelastic, the deadweight loss of a tax is small. (c) Inelastic Demand需求缺乏彈性 Size of tax Tax Distortions and Elasticities... 稅收扭曲和彈性 Quantity Price Demand Supply 0 Size of tax When demand is relatively elastic, the deadweight loss of a tax is large. (d) Elastic Demand需求富有彈性 Tax Distortions and Elasticities... 稅收扭曲和彈性 Determinants of Deadweight Loss 無謂損失的決定因素 ? The greater the elasticities of supply and demand – 供需的價格彈性越大 ? The larger will be the decline in the equilibrium quantity and, – 均衡數(shù)量的下降越大 ? The greater the deadweight loss of a tax. – 稅收帶來的無謂損失也就越大 The Deadweight Loss Debate ? Some economists argue that labor taxes are highly distorting and believe that labor supply is more elastic. – 有的經(jīng)濟學家認為勞動稅扭曲效應很高，并且認為勞動的供給富有彈性。Application: the Costs of Taxation 應用：稅收的成本 Chapter 8 The Cost of Taxation 征稅的成本 ? How do taxes affect the economic wellbeing of market participants? – 稅收如何影響市場參與者的經(jīng)濟福利？ ? It does not matter whether a tax on a good is levied on buyers or sellers of the good… the price paid by buyers rises, and the price received by sellers falls. – 對某商品征稅時由買者支付還是賣者支付其實無關(guān)緊要 ……結(jié)果都是買者支付的價格上升而賣者受到的價格下降。 ? Some examples of workers who may respond more to incentives. （工人對激勵反應強烈的例子） – Workers who can adjust the number
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