【正文】 2022 by Prentice Hall Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Systems for Managing Knowledge Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge ? Examples of knowledge work systems ? Computeraided design (CAD) systems ? Virtual reality systems ? Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)（虛擬現(xiàn)實建模語言） ? Investment workstations 。 2022 by Prentice Hall Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge ? Requirements of knowledge work systems ? Specialized tools ? Powerful graphics, analytical tools, and munications and document management ? Computing power to handle sophisticated graphics or plex calculations ? Access to external databases ? Userfriendly interfaces Systems for Managing Knowledge 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Interactive Session: Organizations Managing With Web Read the Interactive Session and then discuss the following questions: ? How do Web tools help panies manage knowledge, coordinate work, and enhance decision making? ? What business problems do blogs, wikis, and other social working tools help solve? ? Describe how a pany such as WalMart or Procter amp。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1015 A knowledge work maintains a database of firm experts, as well as accepted solutions to known problems, and then facilitates the munication between employees looking for knowledge and experts who have that knowledge. Solutions created in this munication are then added to a database of solutions in the form of frequently asked questions (FAQs), best practices, or other documents. An Enterprise Knowledge Network System Intelligent Systems for Decision Support 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1014 An enterprise content management system has capabilities for classifying, anizing, and managing structured and Semistructured knowledge and making it available throughout the enterprise. An Enterprise Content Management System Intelligent Systems for Decision Support 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Three kinds of knowledge ? Structured: Structured text documents (reports, presentations) ? Semistructured: Email, voice mail, digital pictures, bulletinboard postings ? Tacit knowledge (unstructured): Knowledge residing in heads of employees, rarely written down ? Enterprisewide knowledge management systems ? Deal with all three types of knowledge ? Generalpurpose, firmwide systems that collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge EnterpriseWide Knowledge Management Systems Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Systems for Managing Knowledge 169。G’s Supply Chain Network Intelligent Systems for Decision Support 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1013 Intelligent agents are helping Procter amp。 Gamble (Pamp。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1012 This example illustrates an initial population of ―chromosomes,‖ each representing a different solution. The geic algorithm uses an iterative process to refine the initial solutions so that the better ones, those with the higher fitness, are more likely to emerge as the best solution. Intelligent Systems for Decision Support The Components of a Geic Algorithm 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1011 A neural work uses rules it ―learns‖ from patterns in data to construct a hidden layer of logic. The hidden layer then processes inputs, classifying them based on the experience of the model. In this example, the neural work has been trained to distinguish between valid and fraudulent credit card purchases. Intelligent Systems for Decision Support How a Neural Network Works 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 1010 The membership functions for the input called temperature are in the logic of the thermostat to control the room temperature. Membership functions help translate linguistic expressions, such as warm, into numbers that the puter can manipulate Intelligent Systems for Decision Support Fuzzy Logic for Temperature Control 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 10 Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge Figure 109 Casebased reasoning represents knowledge as a database of past cases and their solutions. The system uses a sixstep process to generate solutions to new problems encountered by the user. How CaseBased Reasoning Works Intelligent Systems for Decision Support 169。 and the system can consider multiple rules at a single time. The rules illustrated are for a simple creditgranting expert system. Rules in an Expert System Intelligent Systems for Decision Support 169。 the number of outes is known in advance and is limited。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Expert systems（專家系統(tǒng)） ? Model human knowledge as a set of rules that are collectively called the knowledge base ? 200 – 10,000 rules, depending on plexity ? The system’s inference engine searches through the rules and ―fires‖ those rules that are triggered by facts gathered and entered by the user ? Useful