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漢英翻譯選詞問(wèn)題_(2)_英漢詞語(yǔ)對(duì)比與翻譯選詞(參考版)

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【正文】 Such long and exhausting journeys over here! So many plicated and timeconsuming procedures! They corrode people’ s 233。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 44 那樣長(zhǎng)而累人的旅途,那樣繁瑣耗人的手續(xù),太能磨蝕人的銳氣了。送兒女來(lái)上學(xué)的以父親居多,有些是父母同來(lái),父母?jìng)儽緛?lái)千差萬(wàn)別的臉,個(gè)人化特征在此時(shí)得到淡化而呈現(xiàn)出相同的氣質(zhì):勞碌、疲憊,初到異地的怯懦,和謹(jǐn)慎,以及其情甚殷,唯恐兒女吃虧的心態(tài)。 Copyright 169。 (麥琪 《 送兒女上大學(xué) 》 ) Copyright 169。那樣長(zhǎng)而累人的旅途,那樣繁瑣耗人的手續(xù),太能磨蝕人的銳氣了。 ,我又看見(jiàn)了許多父母的臉。 Exercises in Class Copyright 169。 A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少 壯 不努力 , 老大徒 傷 悲 。 Adversity leads to 。 有時(shí) 英漢語(yǔ)言都用意合 , 如: Live and learn. 活到老 , 學(xué)到老 。 需要 注意的是 , 翻譯是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的再創(chuàng)作活動(dòng) , 雖然我們說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)重意合 , 英語(yǔ)重形合 , 但 不是 說(shuō) 所有意合的漢語(yǔ)句子都要譯為形合的英文 ,反之亦然 。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 39 對(duì)形合和意合的把握有益于漢英互譯的操作 , 譯者應(yīng)仔細(xì)揣摩源語(yǔ)言和目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的 “ 形 ” 、 “ 意 ” 差異 , 既要忠于原作 ,又要兼顧讀者 , 令譯文取得同原文盡可能相近的效果 。 確定以 “ It is not too late” 的主謂關(guān)系, 通過(guò) “ to mend the fold” 引出真實(shí)主語(yǔ),“ even after”作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,使英文流暢自然。原文雖然沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系連接語(yǔ)如“若”、“既然”,但原文的兩個(gè)四字結(jié)構(gòu)彼此呼應(yīng),暗含了前后分句之間的某種關(guān)系。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 38 “ 亡羊補(bǔ)牢 , 猶未為晚 。 譯文中的逗號(hào)有五處,而原文中只有三處,這種翻譯操作與漢語(yǔ)的意合特點(diǎn)不無(wú)關(guān)系 ——由于漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中短句很多 ,更容易讓讀者體會(huì)原文的節(jié)奏感和內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。 原中有兩個(gè)“ and”及一個(gè)“ until”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)使全句節(jié)奏緊湊,氣貫長(zhǎng)虹、激情澎湃。 Copyright 169。如: “ 近聞夫人健康如常 , 頗感欣慰 。 友聽(tīng)畢 , 掩口笑道:君言差矣 , 常言道:以為最安全的卻是最危險(xiǎn) , 豈不聞情人眼里出西施嗎 ? S君聽(tīng)畢 , 頓悟 , 嘆道:聽(tīng)君一席話 , 勝讀十年書(shū) , 差一點(diǎn)大意失荊州 ! ( 李其祥 《 丑妻 》) Mr. S had an unprepossessing wife, of whom he was very proud, so much so that to his friend who had a wonderful wife, he often rave about his spouse like this, “A plain wife is an absolute treasure, unpleasant to look at, but out of mind out of sight and free from suspicion when the husband is away from home. And there is no fear of ?another man?.” On hearing this, his friend couldn?t help a smile and the following ment, “Five me, sir, for pointing out that you?re wrong there. As the saying goes, the greatest danger resides in the false sense of security. Haven?t you heard of love being blind?” Suddenly and thoroughly enlightened by his friend?s kind warning. Mr. S sighed with feeling, “How true it is that one can learn more from the talk of a wise person than from ten years? reading! Otherwise I may lose her through oversight.” (Translated by Ju Zuchun) Copyright 169。 Copyright 169。 5. Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 34 2. I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards. (Abraham Lincoln) 雖然我走路很慢,但我從不后退。 can transfer knowledge from teacher to students。言辭能激起最強(qiáng)烈的情感,鼓動(dòng)人們的一切行動(dòng)。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 33 1. 言辭具有不可思議的力量。 漢語(yǔ)重意合 ,句中各成分之間或句子之間的結(jié)合多依靠語(yǔ)義的貫通,少用連接語(yǔ),所以句法結(jié)構(gòu)形式短小精悍。 意合 指 同一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部的連接,或上下文句子之間的連接,要通過(guò) 語(yǔ)義手段 ( semantic connection) 來(lái)完成。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 32 3. 英漢思維模式對(duì)比與翻譯選詞 形合與意合 “ 形合 ” ( hypotaxis和 “ 意合 ” )與意合( parataxis)是已故語(yǔ)言學(xué)家王力先生所譯。 while among the thick dark green foliage of a camellia beside the crumbing pavilion a dozen crimson blossoms blazed as flame in the snow, indignant and arrogant, as if despising the wanderer39。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 31 幾株老梅競(jìng)斗雪開(kāi)著滿樹(shù)的繁花 , 仿佛不以深冬為意;倒塌的亭子邊還有一株山茶樹(shù) , 從暗綠的密葉里顯出十幾朵紅花來(lái) , 赫赫的在雪中明得如火 ,憤怒而且傲慢 , 如藐視游人的甘心于遠(yuǎn)行 。 啊,吵吵鬧鬧的相愛(ài),親親熱熱的怨恨!啊,無(wú)中生有的一切!啊,沉重的輕浮,嚴(yán)肅的狂妄,整齊的混亂,鉛鑄的羽毛,光明的煙霧,寒冷的火焰,憔悴的健康,永遠(yuǎn)覺(jué)醒的睡眠,否定的存在!我感覺(jué)到的愛(ài)情正是這么一種東西,可是我并不喜愛(ài)這一種愛(ài)情。s much to do with hate, but more with love. Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O any thing, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness! serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of wellseeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Stillwaking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. Dost thou not laugh? ( 102 words) 唉!想不到愛(ài)神蒙著眼睛,卻會(huì)一直闖進(jìn)人們的心靈!我們?cè)谑裁吹胤匠燥??噯喲!又是誰(shuí)在這兒打過(guò)架了?可是不必告訴我,我早就知道了。 《 實(shí)用英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比教程》張良軍等編著 Copyright 169。 by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved. Company Logo 29 4) 英漢互譯文本詞匯量 從平均值看,英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),每 1000英文詞對(duì)譯成 1720~1790漢字;漢譯英時(shí),每 1000英文詞對(duì)應(yīng) 1330~1410漢字,這大概是英漢語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)的對(duì)應(yīng)比例 中間值 。如: 公牛 bull 母牛 cow 小牛 calf 牛奶 milk 奶牛 milch cow 牛人 stubborn person 牛勁 great strength 牛毛 ox hair 牦牛 yak 綿羊 sheep 山羊 goat 公羊 ram 母羊 ewe 羊羔 /羔羊 lamb 羊倌 shepherd 羊絨 cashmere
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