【正文】 C ρ l Reinforcement ratio for longitudinal reinforcement ρ w Reinforcement ratio for shear reinforcement σ c Compressive stress in the concrete 16 σ cp Compressive stress in the concrete from axial load or prestressing σ cu Compressive stress in the concrete at the ultimate pressive strain εcu τ Torsional shear stress φ Diameter of a reinforcing bar or of a prestressing duct φ n Equivalent diameter of a bundle of reinforcing bars ? (t,t0) Creep coefficient, defining creep between times t and t0 , related to elastic deformation at 28 days ? (∞ ,t0) Final value of creep coefficient ψ Factors defining representative values of variable actions ψ 0 for bination values ψ 1 for frequent values ψ 2 for quasipermanent values 。 coefficient γ Partial factor γ A Partial factor for accidental actions A γ C Partial factor for concrete γ F Partial factor for actions, F γ F,fat Partial factor for fatigue actions γ C,fat Partial factor for fatigue of concrete γ G Partial factor for permanent actions, G γ M Partial factor for a material property, taking account of uncertainties in the material property itself, in geometric deviation and in the design model used Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN No reproduction or working permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale `,`,```,`,`,`,` EN 199211:2020 (E) 19 γ P Partial factor for actions associated with prestressing, P γ Q Partial factor for variable actions, Q γ S Partial factor for reinforcing or prestressing steel γ S,fat Partial factor for reinforcing or prestressing steel under fatigue loading γ f Partial factor for actions without taking account of model uncertainties γ g Partial factor for permanent actions without taking account of model uncertainties γ m Partial factors for a material property, taking account only of uncertainties 15 in the material property δ Increment/redistribution ratio ζ Reduction factor/distribution coefficient ε c Compressive strain in the concrete ε c1 Compressive strain in the concrete at the peak stress fc ε cu Ultimate pressive strain in the concrete ε u Strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load ε uk Characteristic strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load θ Angle λ Slenderness ratio μ Coefficient of friction between the tendons and their ducts ν Poisson39。 ratio β Angle 。 Factor l (or l or L) Length。 nofines concrete and aerated concrete ponents, and those made with heavy aggregate or containing structural steel sections (see Eurocode 4 for posite steelconcrete structures). Normative references (1)P The following normative documents contain provisions which, through references in this text, constitutive provisions of this European standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this European standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. General reference standards EN 1990: Basis of structural design EN 199115: Actions on structures: Thermal actions 10 EN 199116: Actions on structures: Actions during execution Other reference standards EN1997: Geotechnical design EN 1971: Cement: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for mon cements EN 2061: Concrete: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 123