【正文】 transportation distance may be shortened to reduce the flow of time, speed up cash flow and is conducive to business. If the project39。 d, project the economic scale。 b, the choice of builtup areas。 Project amo unts putting stage into practice being going to be pleted according to contracting reality in project, takes contract price as basis , considers cost of construction rise aroused by inflation of prices at the same time , considers the project and cost being difficult to estimate that to designing middle but happening in putting stage reality into practice , the example is ascertained estimating price。s controls a project inefficiently That the final account being pleted is that entire construction costs is under the control of the most important one is encircled by construction works. How the final account being pleted can reflect actual entire project cost of construction honestly , have also reflected the ability issuing contract of method and contracting method to construction costs administration , have finished handling a project in time the final account being pleted must collect , arrange settling a data , pursuing , designing the certificate material changing notice , various warning including that the project is pleted and so on being pleted. These data collecting must pay attention to whose validity with obtaining evidence, specimen seal impression having designing personnel39。s on the international, deepen the reformation that project valuation manages mainly according to the marketplace changes development, taking one39。 Argue with the dispute back and forth in cutting down project settlement。 May cut down the physical labour plicated and overloaded repeating the amounts calculating a project。 Beneficial to rightness appraises enterprise strength。t arouse increasing by estimating a project momentary, the mass making a tender work is difficult to ensure that , have no way to have an effect to control construction costs as a result also. Has not adopt the amounts project detailed list quoted price way being applied or used universally on the international all round Adopt the amounts project detailed list quoted price way being put into use monly on the international , is that our country construction costs system reforms and cause the inevitable trend reforming to bid system in invitation to bid tender. One of important act carrying out project public bidding system being to build socialist market economy and to perfect construction market operating mechanism in construction field. After the construction project tender is carried out all round in our country, the effect is obvious in the respect of shortening the mass building a time limit for a project , ensuring a project , reducing construction costs , boycotting an unhealthy tendency. Have ensured the invitation to bid people and bidder39。s not working out according to market quotations. (3) construction units bring forward the too high for exceeding a design criterion The design stage of construction costs is not under the control of strict The design stage is the faucet in that project construction costs controls. After the investment decision is be made rationally , that is the process of plan the technology and organic together economly . Effective control the cost of construction requires strictly and allround in the enginee designing . Engineering design of current our country also puts move bidding system , fair petition into practice , cost of construction looks on control engineering effective to design stage as one of the standard choosing main part being hit by the bid unit , cost of construction carries out the administration controlling on the entire proceeding .Our country major part design that the unit carries out thorough analysis lack on construction project technology and economy , big multiple technologies make light of economy in design but at present , design that the personnel is responsible seemingly only to design project mass , are concerned with the construction costs height not very. Optimize a design plan to such an extent as having no way to pass, the first step designs , the rough estimate gets to the effect controlling general cost of construction39。 suppose designing a scheme feasible or be not optimum on the technology。 同時要對工程造價中的投資估算，設(shè)計概算，施工圖預(yù)算、承包合同價、結(jié)算價、竣工決算（四算兩價）實行一體化管理，改變 鐵路警察各管一段 的狀況，而這需要通過深化行業(yè)體制改革，通過市場價格的機制的運行，形成統(tǒng)一、協(xié)調(diào)、有序的工程造價管理體系，達(dá)到合理使用 投資，有效地控制造價，取得最佳投資效益的目的，逐步建立起適應(yīng)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制，符合中國國情與國際慣例接軌的工程造價管理體制。 要有效的控制建設(shè)工程造價，就要堅決把控制重點轉(zhuǎn)移到前期階段來，首先要重視和加強項目決策階段的投資估算工作，努力提高可行性研究報告投資控制數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確度，切實發(fā)揮其控制建設(shè)項目總造價的作用。審查所列分項工程的單價是否與定額單價相符 ，其名稱、規(guī)格、計量單位和所包含的內(nèi)容是否與單位估價表一致；對于換算的單價，首先審查單價的換算是否是定額允許的，其次審查單價換算是否正確。工程量的審核是竣工結(jié)算審核過程中最重要、最繁瑣、最細(xì)致的一項工作，必須以工程竣工圖、設(shè)計變更及施工現(xiàn)場為依據(jù)，嚴(yán)格按照定額規(guī)定的工程量計算規(guī)則逐項進行審核，以防止施工單位在工程竣工結(jié)算上虛增工程量來增加工程造價。經(jīng)審核的工程竣工結(jié)算是核定建設(shè)工程造價的依據(jù)。為了嚴(yán)肅變更簽證手續(xù)，應(yīng)采取建設(shè)方、監(jiān)理方、施工方代表現(xiàn)場聯(lián)簽的方式，保證變更、簽證的真實性、合理性、經(jīng)濟性，避免弄虛作假現(xiàn)象及由此引出的糾紛。如果變更后工 程造價突破總概算，必須經(jīng)有關(guān)部門審查，要切實防止通過變更設(shè)計增加設(shè)計內(nèi)容、提高設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、提高工程造價的情況發(fā)生。 (1) 加強對施 工方案的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟比較 施工方案是施工組織設(shè)計中的一項重要工作內(nèi)容，合理的施工方案，可以縮短工期，保證工程質(zhì)量，提高經(jīng)濟效益，對施工方案從技術(shù)上和經(jīng)濟上進行對比評價，通過定性分析和定量分析，對質(zhì)量、工期、造價三項技術(shù)經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)比較，可以合理有效地利用人力、物力、財力資源，取得較好的經(jīng)濟效益，把好施工管理關(guān)，是全面造價管理的重要途徑。 施工階段 在施工階段主要是以施工圖預(yù)算或建安工程承包合同價為目標(biāo)，控制建安工程造價。 四、建設(shè)項目實施階段的造價控制 招標(biāo)投標(biāo)階段 推行建設(shè)工程招標(biāo)投標(biāo)是控制建設(shè)項目實施階段工程造價的有 效手段。對不重視限額設(shè)計、不采取節(jié)約投資的措施，造成某一專業(yè)設(shè)計超過投資限額的處室和個人應(yīng)給予經(jīng)濟處罰。對限額設(shè)計搞得好、節(jié)約投資和控制造價確有成效的，項目法人應(yīng)給予設(shè)計單位適當(dāng)獎勵。在設(shè)計過程中，設(shè)計人員應(yīng)進地多方案比較，優(yōu)化設(shè)計，既保證設(shè)計在技術(shù)上先進合理、新穎美觀，又不突破投資限額目標(biāo)，從而杜絕在工程設(shè)計中任意提高安全系數(shù)和設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或只考慮技術(shù)方案的可行性，而不重視經(jīng)濟合理性的現(xiàn)象，保證工程造價得到有效的控制?？刂瞥醪皆O(shè)計及概算，按照批準(zhǔn)的初步設(shè)計及總概算控制施工圖設(shè)計。設(shè)計單位要努力提高自身素質(zhì)，在工程設(shè)計方案巧妙構(gòu)思，精雕細(xì)琢，在降低工程造價上要多動腦筋，以提高設(shè)計質(zhì)量，力爭在設(shè)計階段就把工程造價控制在批準(zhǔn)的投資限額內(nèi) 。中選方案的投資估算一般要能接近建設(shè)項目的投資范圍。 要在設(shè)計階段控制好工程造價應(yīng)著重做好以下幾方面的工作。作一種相當(dāng)成熟而又行之有效的管理方法，價值工程在許多工程建設(shè)中得到廣泛運用。 設(shè)計方案優(yōu)化常采用價值工程又稱價值分析法，即在滿足功能或盡可能提高功能的前提下盡可能降低成本 。由此可見，設(shè)計質(zhì)量對整個工程建設(shè)至關(guān)重要。據(jù)專家分析，設(shè)計費一般只相當(dāng)于建設(shè)工程全壽命費用的 1%以下，而這 1%以下的費用對工程造價的影響度卻占 75%以上。設(shè)計是在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟上對擬建