汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文中英文資料外文翻譯--使用gis數(shù)據(jù)庫和激光掃描技術(shù)為汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)獲取路標(biāo)(參考版)
2025-05-16 22:41本頁面
【正文】 un et al., 1995, Gr168。 中英文資料 附件 2： 外文原文 EXTRACTING LANDMARKS FOR CAR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS USING EXISTING GIS DATABASES AND LASER SCANNING ABSTRACT Today’s car navigation systems provide driving instructions in the form of maps, pictograms, and spoken language. However, they are so far not able to support landmarkbased navigation, which is the most natural navigation concept for humans and which also plays an important role for uping personal navigation systems. In order to provide such a navigation, the first step is to identify appropriate landmarks – a task that seems to be rather easy at first sight but turns out to be quite pretentious considering the challenge to deliver such information for databases covering huge areas of Europe, Northern America and Japan. In this paper, we show approaches to extract landmarks from existing GIS databases. Since these databases in general do not contain information on building heights and visibility, we show how this can be derived from laser scanning data. 1 INTRODUCTION Modern car navigation systems have been introduced in 1995 in upper class cars and are now available for practically any model. They are relatively plex and mature systems able to provide route guidance in form of digital maps, driving direction pictograms,and spoken language driving instructions (Zhao, 1997).Looking back to the first beginnings in the early 1980s, many nontrivial problems have been solved such as absolute positioning, provision of huge navigable maps, fast routing and reliable route guidance. However, the original concept of delivering the instructions has not changed very much. Still, spoken language instructions use a relatively small set of mands (like ’turn right now’), which only refer to properties of the street work. This is not optimal, since i) features of the street work typically are not visible from a greater distance due to the low driver position and small observing angle, and ii) the most natural form of navigation for humans is the navigation by landmarks, . the provision of a number of recognizable and memorizable views along the route. Obviously, the introduction of buildings as landmarks together with corresponding 中英文資料 spoken instructions (such as ’turn right after the tower’) would be a step towards a more natural navigation. As we argue below, this would be well integrable into today’s car navigation systems as it would not imply a major modification of systems and data structures. Thus, the main problem lies in identifying suitable landmarks and evaluating their usefulness for navigation instructions. In this paper, we show how existing databases can be exploited to tackle the first problem, while laser scanning data can be used to approach the second. 2VISIBILITY ANALYSIS USING LASER SCANNING DATASETS Visibility Analysis we can do better if we base the visibility analysis directly on the DSM from laser scanning. We will not obtain “beautiful” visualizations but instead a rather good estimate on which buildings can be seen from any viewpoint (Fig. 4(c)). We realized this approach as follows. For any viewpoint, the position and viewing direction define the exterior orientation of a virtual camera of given horizontal and vertical viewing angle. This virtual camera represents the driver’s view. The height is derived from the DSM itself, whereas the viewing angle can be obtained from the orientation of the corresponding street segment in th
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