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groups and business interests. After the public ments have been received, a similar process will be followed for the final draft. If a draft has been severely criticized, the agency is faced with the difficult decision of whether to try to repair the heavily criticized draft or months. Preparing a new draft is timeconsuming and costly because all the steps have to be repeated with the new statement. However proceeding with an inadequate EIS may lead to a successful legal challenge by parties opposed to the action. Once the agency is satisfied with its final draft, it publishes it in the Federal Register. For a routine EIS, this entire procedure may take from 6 to 9 months. Court challenges may tie up the process for a year or longer. After publication of the final draft, the sufficiency of the draft may be challenged in court. The failure to file an EIS when required may also be challenged. This process of judicial review of the EIS has led to criticism by environmentalists. When 8 reviewing the EIS, the court generally operates in an administrative law tradition, which means that the court will not substitute its judgment for the agency39。s pletion of that draft, the document goes to the CEQ for review and ments. Then, in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act39。 enabling acts as a factor to be taken into account in agency decision making 3. Requires that an environmental impact statement (EIS) be prepared for every major legislative proposal or other federal agency action having a significant impact on the quality of the human environment Council on Environmental Quality The least controversial aspect of NEPA was its first mandate: the creation of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), The CEQ is made up of three persons, one of whom is designated the chair. The role of the council is primarily advisory, mainly advising the president about environmental matters. The CEQ gathers and analyzes data, informs the president about the progress the nation is making toward cleaning up the environment, and rem