【正文】 該技術(shù)以制件原型或模型為基準(zhǔn)，將柔態(tài)硅橡膠制做成塊，再靠高壓力與模型 13 利用鈹銅合金的良好的導(dǎo)熱性和穩(wěn)定性，經(jīng)固熔時(shí)效處理后，采用冷擠壓制造模具凹模型腔。該技術(shù)與 CAD/CAM 相結(jié)合，特點(diǎn)是模具尺寸精度高、制造周期短、成本低，是新產(chǎn)品試制、小批量生產(chǎn)工藝裝備的新途徑。該技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是制模成本低、周期短 ， 這是一種以樣模 (或工藝模型 )為基準(zhǔn)，以樹(shù)脂或其復(fù)合材料為流體材料，先澆注出凸 (凹 )模，再依據(jù)凸 (凹 )模貼上蠟片 (間隙層 )，澆注凸 (凹 )模。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是制模成本低，合金可重復(fù)使用，制造周期短，尺寸精度高，形狀、尺寸與樣件完全相符 ， 一次鑄模壽命可達(dá) 5003000 件，非常適合新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)、工藝驗(yàn)證、樣品試制及中小批量和平。這種制模技術(shù)工藝簡(jiǎn)單、成本 低，制造周期非常短，型腔表面的成型僅需幾個(gè)小時(shí)，節(jié)省能源和金屬材料，一般型腔表面僅 23mm 厚，仿真性極強(qiáng)，花紋精度可達(dá)到 μ m 目前該技術(shù)被廣泛地用于飛機(jī)、汽車(chē)的內(nèi)飾件模具、家電、家俱、制鞋、美術(shù)工藝品等表面形狀復(fù)雜及花紋精細(xì)的各種聚氨酯制品的吹塑、吸塑、 PVC 注射、 PU 發(fā) 電鑄成型技術(shù)的原理同電鍍一樣，是依樣模 (現(xiàn)成制品或按制品圖紙制成的母模 )為基準(zhǔn) (陰極 )，置放在電鑄液中 (陽(yáng)極 )，使電鑄液中的金屬離子還原后 一層一層地沉積在樣模上，形成金屬殼體，將其剝離后，與樣模接觸的表面即為模具的型腔內(nèi) 該技術(shù)主要特點(diǎn)是節(jié)省材料、模具制造周期短，電鑄層硬度可達(dá) 40HRC，提高了耐磨性和壽命，粗糙度、尺寸精度與樣模完全一致，適用于注射、吸塑、吹塑、搪 12 蝕刻技術(shù)是光學(xué)、化學(xué)、機(jī)加工綜合應(yīng)用的一種技術(shù)，它的基本原理是先把花紋圖案制成膠片，再把膠片上的花紋圖案復(fù)制在已涂上光敏材料的模具型腔表面上，經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)處理，模具型腔表面形成不被蝕刻部分的保護(hù)層，再根據(jù)模具材質(zhì)，選擇 該技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)是時(shí)間短、費(fèi)用低，修補(bǔ)破損花紋圖案可做到天衣無(wú)縫。 該技術(shù)最大特點(diǎn)是能同時(shí)用幾種不同材料 (聚碳酸脂、聚乙烯氯化物、石蠟、尼龍、 ABS、 鑄造砂 ) (FDM) FDM 技術(shù)是由計(jì)算機(jī)控制可擠出熔融狀態(tài)材料的噴嘴，根據(jù) CAD 產(chǎn)品模型分層 軟件確定的幾何信息，擠出半流動(dòng)狀態(tài)的熱塑材料沉積固化成精確的實(shí)際制件薄層 ， (3DP) 11 3DP技術(shù)用微機(jī)控制一個(gè)連續(xù)噴墨印刷頭，依據(jù)分層軟件逐層選擇性地在粉末層上沉積液體粘結(jié)材料，最終由順序印刷的二維層堆積成一個(gè)三維實(shí)體，猶如不使用激光的快速制模技術(shù)。該工藝適用于航空、汽車(chē)等和中體積較大制件的制作。適合產(chǎn)品外型評(píng)估、功能實(shí)驗(yàn)、 快速制造電極和各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具。它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工方法，對(duì)制造業(yè)的變革是一個(gè)重大的突破，利用 RPM 技術(shù)可以直接或間接地快速制模，該技術(shù)已被汽車(chē)、航空、家電、船舶、醫(yī) 療、模具等行業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用。美國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)、以色列、德國(guó)、中國(guó)都推出了自己的商業(yè)化產(chǎn)品，并逐漸形成了新型 RPM 是電腦、激光、光學(xué)掃描、先進(jìn)的新型材料、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) (CAD)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助加工 (CAM)、數(shù)控 (CNC)綜合應(yīng)用的高新技術(shù)。計(jì)算機(jī)、激光、電子、新材料、新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)如虎添翼，應(yīng)用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，類(lèi)型不斷增多，創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益越來(lái)越顯著。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，促使工業(yè)產(chǎn) 品越來(lái)越向多品種、小批量、高質(zhì)量、低成本的方向發(fā)展，為了保持和加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)周期、生產(chǎn)周期越來(lái)越短，于是對(duì)制造各種產(chǎn)品的關(guān)鍵工藝裝備 —— 模具的要求越來(lái)越苛刻。s favor and the concerned leader department39。, may suit each kind of black and the nonferrous metal thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 525 ten thousand, the production cost is low. molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the socalled solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in the practical application. dry sands solid casting Namely all does not do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55100 goal, spreads with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 6 thick permeability good fireproof coating level, by enhances the casting superficially attractive fineness, prevented the fat sand or collapses the box. negative pactions casting The negative paction casting calls V law modelling. This technology is the use all does but does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, in under the plastic film seal condition, entire lets cast (vacuum degree ) carries on the liquid metal casting under the negative pressure condition, after the casting coagulates relieves the negative pressure then to obtain the superficial bright and clean casting. resins granulated substance solid casting Makes the molding sand using the resin granulated substance, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, under the normal temperature, the atmospheric pressure carries on the liquid metal casting but to make takes the casting. uses the solid casting the technical manufacture mold semifinished materials to have the size precision high (the ISO9 level), processing remainder small (generally about 5mm), does not need to pull out the mold ascent, does not need the making core and the sand core brace, saves the metal material, economical makes the wooden model the lumber, the manufacture cycle short, the cost is low. This technology suits largescale, is plex, the single unit mold semifinished materials production. the ceramics fine cast, lose the cerotin to cast and so on the technology are increasing the mold semifinished materials precision, reduce the processing manhour, reduce the manufacture cycle, reduce aspect and so on cost also demonstrate its unique superiority. other aspects technologies in order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge builtup welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on. nitrogen springs on mold application The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, exdenning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold design, reduces the pattern makin