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【正文】 SC Cost Design Optimization Models for Logistics。日常食品 (豆腐 )、加工肉品 (香腸 )、鮮花等 冷藏 冰溫食品 2~+2oC 畜肉品 (牛豬羊肉 )、禽肉品 (雞鴨肉 )、水產(chǎn)品 (魚貝 )、刨冰等 冷凍食品 冰品 18oC以下 冷凍疏果、冷凍肉類、冷凍調(diào)理食品 (水餃、包子 )、冰淇淋等 冷凍 超低溫食品 30oC以下 生魚片 供應(yīng)鏈與新鮮 類型 商品類別 溫度 應(yīng)用案例 儲(chǔ)存物品 冷藏型 物流中心 冷藏品 0~+7oC 綜合食品業(yè) 低溫流通業(yè) 肉食品加工 牛乳、果汁、日常食品 (豆腐、乳製品 )、加工肉品 (香腸、火腿 )、保存生鮮蔬果、沙拉、甜點(diǎn) … 等 冷凍型 物流中心 冷凍品及冰品 18oC 以下 綜合食品業(yè) 低溫流通業(yè) 肉食品加工 冰品、冷凍調(diào)理食品 (水餃、包子、比薩、調(diào)理飯 (麵 ))、熱狗、關(guān)東煮 … 等 鮮食型 物流中心 鮮食品 恆溫 18oC 綜合食品業(yè) CVS便利店 便當(dāng)、涼麵、飯團(tuán) … 等 供應(yīng)鏈與安全 ? Pfizer Inc. Maker of prescription drugs as Lipitor and Zoloft ? Strategies – It ships every package, case and pallet of its Viagra with RFID tags to counterfeit its product Since Jan 2023. – Procurement purchases raw materials, drug substances, and the hiring of freight transportation. – Distribution/logistics coordinates the movement of products between global sites – Supply chain planning works closely with the sales/marketing – Longrange planning uses mathematical optimization technology to create the best OD routes – Order entry systems interface with a fulfillment management system to monitor flow and inventory with 50 global manufacturing sites/DCs with a replenishment model 供應(yīng)鏈與行銷 ? Korean Hyundai Status – Hyundai started offering a 10year warranty on its cars in US ? Goal – Distribution work set up to get the parts delivered quickly to keep customers and as efficiently to keep the dealers happy. ? Strategies – The dedicated carrier are priced on a pershipment delivered cost and overnight deliveries to dealerships. – Information visibility ? Imports from Korea using a 3PL to track all inbound shipments ? Milestone is checked and updated, shipments to the ports, vessel sail and arrival dates, into and release by customs, origin and destination rail head, delivery to DC and putaway. ? Hyundai has been able to reduce inventory by two weeks 供應(yīng)鏈與缺貨 Procter and Gamble ? Status – Outofstock rate around 10%. ? Goal – Addressing product availability, shelf quality, and ontime delivery. – to reduce inventory by 50%, trim outofstocks by 50% and achieve 20% savings in logistics costs. ? Strategies – Consumerdriven supply work of suppliers, manufacturers and retailers that facilitates realtime information. – Replenishing products as soon as they?re purchased received by pointofsale data – Collaborates closely with retail partners on instore promotions and events. ? 20% of product categories (with more than 10% outofstocks) were dropped to below 5% of products. ? Saves $25 million/year by eliminating unnecessary transcription work and outofstocks 供應(yīng)鏈與長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng) ?長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng) (bullwhip or whiplash) – 產(chǎn)品需求預(yù)測(cè)，來自於零售商對(duì)顧客需求的預(yù)測(cè)，進(jìn)而向製造商下訂單，而製造商向供應(yīng)商下訂單也是依照零售商的預(yù)測(cè)。 ? 延遲 策略 (Postponement, responsebased) – 目的： Mass customization, deliver rapidly and reduce cost – 產(chǎn)品製程的延遲 (manufacturing) ? 不必要製程成品，保持原料型態(tài)，維持改變彈性與避免成品過時(shí)。 requirements. US Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (US Council of Logistics Management, 美國(guó)物流學(xué)會(huì) ) 供應(yīng)鏈管理 Supply Chain Management enpasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all Logistics Management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, thirdparty service providers, and customers. In essence, Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand management within and across panies. US Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals 供應(yīng)鏈管理內(nèi)涵 T ier 2s u p p lierMRPT ier 1s u p p lierMRPP u r ch asin gMRPMa ter ialsm an ag em en tMRPP r o d u ctio nMP SP h y s icald is tr ib u tio nDR PMa r k etin gan d s alesDR PC u s to m erDR PC o n s u m erDR PP r o d u ctDesig nP r o d u ct Flo w I nf or mation
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