【正文】 每個(gè)后車輪上各有一個(gè)車軸，兩個(gè)車輪的內(nèi)側(cè)邊緣都有兩個(gè)齒輪夾板。環(huán)行齒輪和差速裝置相連，從而使這個(gè)裝置在副齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)和環(huán)行齒輪一起旋轉(zhuǎn)。差速器保證車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)外面輪子的旋轉(zhuǎn)比里面輪子快，同時(shí)給兩個(gè)后車輪提供動力。在這次設(shè)計(jì)即將完成之際，我要忠心的謝謝你們！同時(shí)也感謝這四年來幫助過我的老師和同學(xué)！附 錄1Differential and Rear AxlesThe differential is part of the rearaxlehousing assembly, which includes the differential, rear axles, wheels, and bearings. If the car were to be driven in a straight line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the car rounds a turn, the outer wheel must travel farther than the inner wheel. The differential permits the two rear wheels to rotate different amounts when the car goes around a turn, while still delivering power to both rear wheels.The rear axles are attached to the wheels and have bevel side gears on their inner ends. The differential case is assembled on the left axle but can rotate on a bearing independently of the differential case supports the differentialpinion gear on a shaft, and this gear meshes with the two bevel gears. The ring gear is attached to the differential case so that the case rotates with the ring gear when the later is driven by the drive driving power enters the differential through the drive pinion on the end of the propeller shaft. The drive pinion is meshed with a large ring gear so that the ring gear revolves with the pinion.Attached to the ring gear (through the differential case) is a differentialpinion shaft on which are assembled two differentialpinion gears. Each rear car wheel has a separate axle, and there are two side gears splined to the inner ends of the two wheel axles. The two differentialpinion gears mesh with these two side gears. When the car is on a straight road, the two differentialpinion gears do not rotate on the pinion shaft, but they do exert pressure on the two side gears so that the side gears turn at the same speed as the ring gear, causing both rear wheels to turn at the same speed, differential case is supported in the carrier by two taperedroller side bearings. This assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others.The differential case is supported in the carrier by two taperedroller side bearings. This assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provide the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on others.Transaxle final drive gears provide the means for transmitting transmission output torque to the differential section of the transaxle. The differential section of the transaxle has the same ponents as the differential gears in a RWD axle and basically operate in the same way. The power flow in transversely mounted power trains is in line with the wheels and therefore the differential unit does not need to turn the power 90 degrees.When the car rounds a curve, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel. To permit this, the two pinion gears rotate on their pinion shaft, transmitting more turning movement to the outer side gear than to the inner side gear. Thus, the side gear on the outerwheel axle turns more rapidly than the side gear on the innerwheel axle. This permits the outer wheel to turn more rapidly while the car is rounding the are two basic types of axle: dead axles and live axle. The dead axle does not rotate。他的治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度、謙虛扎實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)使我深受教育和啟迪，讓我深深感覺到教師的偉大。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 劉惟信. : 清華大學(xué)出版社, 2001[2] 王望予. 汽車設(shè)計(jì)（: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [3] 陳家瑞. 汽車構(gòu)造（第4版. 北京: 人民交通出版社, [4] 張洪欣 . 汽車設(shè) .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 . 1999 [5] 紀(jì)峻嶺. 傳動軸、差速器、驅(qū)動橋及車橋. 北京: 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2005[6] 汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編（第四卷）. 中國汽車技術(shù)中心, 2004 [7] 郝京順. 汽車設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資料手冊. 長春: 吉林科技出版社, 1992[8] 吳克堅(jiān). 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003[9] 孫恒, （第六版）. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001 [10] 孫志禮. : 東北大學(xué)出版社, [11] 龔微寒 . ：人民交通出版社 . 1995 [12] 劉維信. 圓錐齒輪與雙曲面齒輪傳動. 北京：人民交通出版社， 1980[13] 頓德安. , 2000[14] 張玉， 劉平. : 東北大學(xué)出版社, [15] 齒輪手冊編委會. 齒輪手冊(第二版).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， [16] 吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)汽車教研室 . ：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 . 1981[17] 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊編委會. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(3).北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [18] 小林明. 汽車工程手冊 (第二分冊).北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1984[19] Reimpell J, stoll H. The Automotive Chassis: Engineering Principles. Warremdale, PA 15096, SA, SAE, 1996 致謝大學(xué)四年的美好生活即將以這篇畢業(yè)論文劃上一個(gè)句號，回首這段畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過程，心中滿是感恩之情，在此特地表達(dá)誠摯的謝意。差速器的設(shè)計(jì)方法和思路與主減速器的設(shè)計(jì)基本類似，本次設(shè)計(jì)選用了工作平穩(wěn)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的普通錐齒輪式差速器。并應(yīng)用MATLAB軟件進(jìn)行編程。=(==(=()=()= ＝N== 軸承載荷分析如上圖所示主動齒輪則主動齒輪軸承的徑向載荷為 則第二級軸承得徑向載荷為當(dāng)量動載荷計(jì)算：Q=XR+YA　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式中：X是徑向系數(shù)； Y是軸向系數(shù)；軸承壽命計(jì)算：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式中：C————額定動載荷N； ————溫度系數(shù)； ————載荷系數(shù)； ————壽命指數(shù)。=Nm危險(xiǎn)斷面處為圓管形則 從而危險(xiǎn)斷面處靜彎曲應(yīng)力為，滿足要求。拆檢主減速器時(shí)，必須把整個(gè)驅(qū)動橋從汽車上拆卸下來，目前已很少采用。但其簧下質(zhì)量較大，對汽車的行駛平順性有不利的影響。驅(qū)動橋殼從結(jié)構(gòu)上可分為整體式橋殼和分段橋殼兩類。2） 保證足夠的離地間隙。這種處理方法能保證半軸表面有適當(dāng)?shù)挠不瘜?。從?jié)約較稀有的金屬、降低制造成的目標(biāo)出發(fā)，采用中碳鋼（40鋼、45鋼）制造 半軸是發(fā)展趨勢，國外已多有采用。為了使花鍵的內(nèi)徑不致過多地小于半軸的桿部直徑，常常將半軸加工花鍵的端部設(shè)計(jì)得粗一些，并且適當(dāng)?shù)販p小花鍵槽的深度，因此花鍵齒數(shù)必須相應(yīng)增多，一般為10～18齒。本次設(shè)計(jì)為中型貨車驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計(jì)，考慮到承載能力與結(jié)構(gòu)、成本，所以采用全浮式半軸支承。對于非斷開式車橋，車輪傳動裝置的主要零件是半軸。30′ (5)= （22）齒側(cè)間隙： B= (選取)（23）弦齒厚： ,（24）弦齒高： = +cos=+[60]cos30.176。（19）外圓直徑： =+2cos=60+2176。=176。+176。（17）面錐角： =+=176。（9）節(jié)圓直徑： ==512=60mm==520=100mm（10）節(jié)錐角： =arctan(/)=arctan(12/20)=176。=320=128===20=22mm 差速器強(qiáng)度計(jì)算汽車差速器齒輪的彎曲應(yīng)力為：=2/() MPa 式中：——差速器一個(gè)行星齒輪給予一個(gè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩，其計(jì)算式為 =； ——計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩，按、兩者中的較小者計(jì)算；——差速器行星齒輪數(shù)；——半軸齒輪齒數(shù)；、—見上說明；——尺寸系數(shù)，=（m/）；——計(jì)算汽車差速器齒輪彎曲應(yīng)力用的綜合系數(shù)。30′的壓力角，在某些中型與中型以下貨車上采用20176。式中：，——分別為行星齒輪和半軸齒輪齒數(shù)?！?的范圍內(nèi)。2）行星齒輪球面半徑的確定可根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 = 來確定式中：——球面半徑系數(shù)，=～； ——計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩,取和兩者較小值； ——球面半徑。而快慢半軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩之比/，定義為轉(zhuǎn)矩比，以表示， =/= 1+/1～，轉(zhuǎn)矩比為1～。因此，當(dāng)行星齒輪沒有自轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，總是將轉(zhuǎn)矩平均分配給左右兩半軸齒輪，即==/2。這表明：①當(dāng)任何一側(cè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速為零時(shí)，另一側(cè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速為差速器殼轉(zhuǎn)速的兩倍；②當(dāng)差速器殼體轉(zhuǎn)速為零時(shí)，左右半軸將等速反向轉(zhuǎn)動。