【正文】 ——作用在主動齒輪上的轉(zhuǎn)矩；——該齒輪齒面寬中點的分度圓直徑；——主動齒輪輪齒兩側(cè)法向壓力角；——從動齒輪輪齒兩側(cè)平均壓力角；——主動齒輪的中點螺旋角；——從動齒輪的中點螺旋角；——主動齒輪的根錐角；——從動齒輪的根錐角；——主動齒輪的節(jié)錐角；——從動齒輪的節(jié)錐角。在主減速器設(shè)計中，首先對幾種主減速器進行了比較，確定最終的主減速器形式，然后按照書中的設(shè)計方法進行了有關(guān)參數(shù)確定計算，并進行了校核，設(shè)計結(jié)果基本符合要求。從設(shè)計題目的選擇到設(shè)計的完成，張老師都滲透了不少心血。然而，車轉(zhuǎn)彎時，外面輪子的速度必須比里面的輪子快。環(huán)行齒輪上（穿過差速裝置）是一個差速副齒輪柄，柄上是兩個差速副齒輪。通過驅(qū)動力作用于副齒輪的柄上，驅(qū)動力進入差速器。 the wheel rotates on it. A mon example is the axle on a horse drawn wagon. Live axles are attached to the wheel so that both the wheel and the axle rotate together. Live axles are classified according to the manner in which they are supported: semifloating, threequarterfloating, and fullfloating.Propeller Shaft and Universal JointThe propeller shaft is a drive shaft to carry the power from the transmission to the rearwheel axles. It connects the transmission main, shaft carries through the propeller shaft to the differential at the rear axles. Rotary motion of the transmission main shaft carries through the propeller shaft to the differential, causing the rear wheels to rotate.The propellershaft design must take two facts into consideration. First, the engine and transmission are more or less rigidly attached to the car frame. Second, the rearaxle housing (with wheels and differential) is attached to the frame by springs. As the rear wheels encounter irregularities in the road, the springs press or expand. This changes the angle of drive and the distance between the transmission and the differential, and the propeller shaft may take care of these two changes. That is to say, as the rear axle housing, with differential and wheels, moves up and down, the angel between the transmission output shaft changes. The reason the propeller shaft shortens as the angel increases is that the rear axle and differential move in a shorter arc than the propeller shaft. The center point of the axlehousing arc is the rearspring or controlarm attachment to the frame. In order that the propeller shaft may take care of these two changes, it must incorporate two separate types of device. There must be one or more universal joints to permit variations in the angel of drive. There must also be a slip joint that permits the effective length of the propeller shaft to change.The propeller shaft may be solid or hollow, protected by an outer tube or exposed. Some applications include bearings at or near the propeller shaft center to support the shaft. The twosection propeller is supported by a center bearing and coupled together by universal joints. A universal joint is essentially a double hinged joint consisting of two Yshaped yokes, one on the driving shaft and the other on the driven shaft, and acrossshaped member called the spider. The four arms of the spider, known as trunnions, are assembled into bearings in the ends of the two shaft yokes. The driving shaft causes the spider to rotate, and the other two trunnions of the spider cause the driven shaft to rotate. When the two shafts are at an angel to each other, the bearings in the yokes permit the yokes to swing around on the trunnions with each revolution. A variety of universal joints have been used on auto mobiles, but the types now in most mon use are the spider and twoyoke, the constantvelocity, and the ballandtrunnion joints.A slip joint consists of outside splines on one shaft and matching internal splines in the mating hollow shaft, the splines cause the two shafts to rotate together but permit the two to move endwise with each other. This acmodates any effective change of length of the propeller shaft as the rear axles move toward or away from the car frame.差速器和后車軸差速器是后車軸體系的一部分，此體系包括差速器，后車軸，輪子和軸承。在本設(shè)計完成之際，我要對多年幫助我的老師、同學(xué)和朋友表示忠心的感謝，是他們的關(guān)心和幫助給了我很大的動力，讓我更加順利的完成這次設(shè)計。 一、設(shè)計方案：我選擇了切實可行的方案，采用雙級雙曲面齒輪主減速器，提高了齒輪工作平穩(wěn)性，齒輪的接觸強度和彎曲強度，由于偏移距的存在，在保證一定離地間隙的情況下，可盡量使車身重心降低，有利于提高汽車行使平順性。 第6章 軸承的壽命計算1. 主動齒輪軸的強度計算對只承受轉(zhuǎn)矩或主要承受轉(zhuǎn)矩作用的傳動軸，其強度條件為≤［］　　　　　　　　　　　式中：——軸的扭剪應(yīng)力；——軸傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩；——軸的抗扭載面模量，≈；——主動齒輪軸的初選值。鋼板沖壓焊接式和擴張成形式橋殼質(zhì)量小，材料利用率高，制造成本低，適用用于大量生產(chǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造工藝性好，主減速器支承剛度好，拆裝、調(diào)整、維修方便，廣泛用于轎車和中、小型貨車上。3）結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造方便，以利于降低成本。本次設(shè)計半軸的材料選用40MnB。全浮式半軸的計算載荷可按車輪附著力矩計算= 式中：、 見（22）（23）。=（24）弦齒高： = +cos=+[60]176。= =176。+176。=2/(4205)= MPa＜980MPa符合要求。大端端面模數(shù)=2/==行星齒輪預(yù)選節(jié)錐距 =（～）=（～）65=。當(dāng)兩半軸齒輪以不同轉(zhuǎn)速朝相同方向轉(zhuǎn)動時，設(shè)左半軸轉(zhuǎn)速大于右半軸轉(zhuǎn)速，當(dāng)左右驅(qū)動車輪存在轉(zhuǎn)速差時，=（）/2，=（+）/2。于是==，此時，差速器不起作用,而半軸角速度等于差速器殼3的角速度。因此，只要各車輪角速度相等，車輪對路面的滑動就必然存在。對齒面進行噴丸處理有可能提高壽命達25％。雙曲面齒輪的齒面接觸強度為： =C/[210/（）] N/mm式中：C——材料的彈性系數(shù)，； ——小齒輪分度圓直徑；——主動齒輪計算轉(zhuǎn)矩； ，——見上說明； ——尺寸系數(shù)，它考慮了齒輪尺寸對其淬透性的影響，可取=1； ——表面質(zhì)量系數(shù)，取=； ——從動齒輪齒面寬； ——齒面接觸強度。（126）177。大齒輪的根錐角（102）sin(103)cos(104)cot(105)=(93)*(50)/+(6)大齒輪外圓直徑（106）（70）+（74）*（50）（107）X=(106)(93)*(49)大齒輪外緣到小齒輪軸線的距離（108）[（72）*（90）（87）]/（99）（109）[（72）*（92）（88）]/（102）（110）Z=(71)(108)大齒輪面錐頂點到小齒輪軸線的距離。 (35)*(37)上欄用上邊公式，下欄用下邊公式（69）（37）+（40）*（67）（70）=（49）*（51）（71）Z=(12)*(47)(70)大齒輪節(jié)錐頂點到小齒輪軸線的距離。否則需要重新試算。與上偏移相對應(yīng)，主動齒輪的螺旋方向為右旋，從動齒輪為左旋。11176。式中：——主動錐齒輪的名義螺旋角的預(yù)選值；，——主、從動齒輪齒數(shù)；——從動齒輪的節(jié)圓直徑； ——雙曲面齒輪的偏移距。當(dāng)≥。雙曲面齒輪的偏移方向定義為：由從動齒輪的錐頂向其齒面看去，并使主動齒輪處于右側(cè)，這時如果主動齒動在從動齒輪中心線上方，則為上偏移，在從動齒輪中心線下方則為下偏移。齒面寬大于上述規(guī)定，不但不能提高齒輪的強度和耐久性，還會給制造帶來困難?？紤]以上因素后，選擇主、從動齒輪齒數(shù)為：=15，=32。 差速器殼應(yīng)開孔使?jié)櫥瓦M入，保證差速器齒輪和滑動表面的潤滑。～。主動錐齒輪圓錐滾子軸承的預(yù)緊度的調(diào)整，可利用調(diào)整墊片厚度的方法，調(diào)整時轉(zhuǎn)動叉形凸緣，如發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)緊度過緊則增加墊片的總厚度；反之減小墊片的總厚度。從動錐齒輪多采用圓錐滾子軸承，為了增加支承剛度，兩軸承的圓錐滾子軸承大端應(yīng)向內(nèi)，以減小尺寸+，且距離+應(yīng)不小于從動齒輪大端分度圓直徑的65%?？缰檬街尾鹧b困難，導(dǎo)向軸承是個易損壞的一個軸承。3）雙曲面主動齒輪具有較大的軸向力，使其軸承的負(fù)荷較大。曲率半徑較相應(yīng)的螺旋錐齒輪大，其結(jié)果使齒面的接觸強度提高。由于大于，所以系數(shù)大于1，～。雙級主減速器有多種結(jié)構(gòu)方案：（a）第一級為錐齒輪，第二級為圓柱齒輪；(b)第一級為錐齒輪，第二級為行星齒輪；第一級為行星齒輪，第二級為錐齒輪；(c)第一級為圓柱齒輪，第二級為錐齒輪。 第2章 驅(qū)動橋主減速器設(shè)計主減速器的功用是將傳動軸輸入的轉(zhuǎn)矩增大并相應(yīng)降低轉(zhuǎn)速，以及當(dāng)發(fā)動機縱置時具有改變轉(zhuǎn)矩旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的作用。由于非斷開式驅(qū)動橋與斷開式驅(qū)動橋相比，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低、工作可靠，維修和調(diào)整方面也很簡單，驅(qū)動車輪又采用非獨立式懸架，所以本次設(shè)計采用非斷開式驅(qū)動橋。 its axle for the whole floating Support. In the pletion of the design of the main reducer,