【正文】 how it is to be done107. The fact that your plan will have specific objectives covering a period of years, along with action plans means this could be described as a ______________ plan. a. contractual b. formal (moderate) c. defined d. standard e. objective108. Which of the following is not one of the purposes for which your boss asked you to develop a plan? a. providing direction b. reducing the impact of change c. minimizing waste d. increasing redundancy (moderate) e. setting control standards109. Your boss wants this plan to be very valuable to the organization. You are aware of the overall value of planning in organizations and tell him ______________. a. organizations that plan always outperform those who do not. b. formal planning has little longterm association with higher profits. c. the extent of planning is more important than the process. d. the environment may restrict higher performance. (difficult) e. overall, there is a neutral relationship between planning and performance.110. Concerning the impact of planning on organizational change, you need to tell your president that planning has what kind of effect? a. forces managers to look at the present b. forces managers to anticipate change (easy) c. managers can39。s survival. (moderate) e. The costs of planning are generally larger than the benefits.MANAGING IN AN EBUSINESS WORLD103. According to the boxed feature, “Managing in an EBusiness World,” plans for Internet panies are often revised ______________.a. weekly (moderate)b. annuallyc. every 3 yearsd. every 5 years104. Organizational hierarchies in Internet firms tend to be ______________ based on the information presented in the boxed feature, “Managing in an EBusiness World.”a. tallb. flat (moderate)c. roundd. square105. According to the boxed feature, “Managing in an EBusiness World,” probably the biggest change for planning in ebusiness is that ______________.a. the environment is more stable.b. customers are calling the shots. (moderate)c. employees are making the demands.d. only a few petitors exist.ScenariosWHAT IS PLANNING?It39。s sexual harassment policy is an example of a(n) ______________ plan. a. singleuse b. standing (moderate) c. strategic d. specific e. informal84. Where in the organizational hierarchy are traditional goals determined? a. frontline employees b. team leaders c. lowerlevel managers d. middle managers e. top managers (moderate)85. The central theme in traditional goal setting has which of the following assumptions?a. Frontline workers know their product.b. Middle managers know what is best and serve as the liaison between upper management and frontline workers.c. Objectives should be determined in a democratic process.d. Top management has the big picture. (easy)e. Committees prised of top management, middle management, and frontline staff set the best objectives.86. Which of the following is an example of a traditional goal? a. Increase sales by 5%. b. Be the market leader in the southwest region. (difficult) c. Gain 10% market share. d. Achieve breakeven costs by the end of next quarter. e. Decrease labor costs to 38% cost of goods sold.87. What happens to traditional goals as they make their way down from top management to lower levels? a. They lose clarity and unity. (moderate) b. They unite the work force. c. Lowerlevel managers must continually revise and correct them. d. They purposely remain vague and nonspecific. e. They bee more broad and general.88. Which of the following is another term for an integrated network of objectives? a. strategic objectives b. realitybased linkage c. meansends chain (moderate) d. operating systems connection e. circular enhancement89. A management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers is known as ______________.a. management by objectives. (moderate)b. meansends chain.c. traditional goal setting.d. management by opinions.90. In the Management By Objectives (MBO) system ______________. a. objectives are determined by management. b. goals are only reviewed at the time of pletion. c. goals are used as controls. d. progress is periodically reviewed. (moderate) e. objectives are determined by subordinates and their supervisors.91. Which of the following is not one of the four mon elements of Management By Objectives (MBO)? a. goal specificity b. participative decisionmaking c. an explicit time period d. a systems loop (difficult) e. performance feedback92. The appeal of Management By Objectives (MBO) lies in its emphasis on converting overall objectives into ______________ objectives for organizational units and individual members. a. panywide b. effective c. stated d. real e. specific (easy)93. Management By Objectives (MBO) can be described by which of the following statements? a. an autocratic system b. a bottom up system c. a top down system d. both a top down and a bottom up system (difficult) e. a static system94. All of the following are mentioned in the text as characteristics of welldesigned goals EXCEPT:a. measurable and quantifiable.b. clear as to a time frame.c. written in terms of actions, rather than outes. (difficult)d. municated to all necessary organizational members.e. written down.95. Three contingency factors cited by your text that affect planning are level in the organization, length of future mitments, and ______________. a. risk aversion of management. b. employee satisfaction. c. level of productivity. d. educational level of managers. e. degree of environmental uncertainty. (moderate)96. Generally, operational planning dominates the planning efforts of what level in the organization? a. frontline staf