【正文】 問題的關(guān)鍵是缺少專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，沒有規(guī)范的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。包括齒輪與軸承展覽。1995年由中國(guó)齒輪專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)協(xié)助機(jī)械部編制了 甸第一部齒輪行業(yè)九五規(guī)劃。1986年由機(jī)械部與國(guó)家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局聯(lián)合投資在鄭州機(jī)械研究所籌建了國(guó)家齒輪產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢測(cè)中心，開始了國(guó)家齒輪產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的監(jiān)督性抽查。齒輪行業(yè)的科研、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、情報(bào)的歸口工作由機(jī)械科學(xué)研制院分遷鄭州的鄭州機(jī)械研究所承擔(dān)。s engine speed range is smaller, and the torque range can not meet the actual needs of the traffic. 2. Vehicle achieve reversing engine crankshaft are usually only one direction to the rotation. Vehicle sometimes needs to be regressive moving, it is often used to set up the gearbox to achieve Reverse reversing moving vehicle. 3. When achieving free clutch engagement, the gearbox can output power. For example, we can guarantee that the driver of the engine flameout when the clutch pedal is released from the driver seat. Gearbox Transmission by the variable speed control agencies and organizations posed of two parts. Transmission of primary role is to change the torque and rotational speed and direction of the numerical。s car industry development. The current lack of good economic performance and low cost of the CVT series of products. Light vehicle transmission products do better : the introduction and assimilation of the Isuzu MSB series, Changchun Gear plant CAS5 series, the love letter Tangshan Gear Limited 5 Y series, Harbin gearbox plant HS5 1613 light vehicle gearbox assembly of the new 1995 National Product Award. Tianjin Automobile Gear Limited production TJ1010 gearbox and TJ7130UQ five stall speed drive axle 19 98 through the identification. Qijiang GEAR FACTORY production S690 gearbox assembly is heavy domestic automobile gearbox new products, 1998 was the Department of Mechanical Technology Third progress. Datong Gear Corporation production of heavy vehicle gearbox, in 1995 was Shengyouchanpin. Qijiang GEAR FACTORY production QJ50B gearbox assembly, Shaanxi Automobile Gear production plants JS180 series of mechanical gearbox, in 1998 through the identification of new products. In the industrial gear products, China39。s vitality. Agricultural Machinery Gear Works With multiplying market development, the majority of farm vehicles to change gear. For example, Changzhou Flying Group (formerly Changzhou Gear Works) has developed into the country39。s rapid development of the market economy, the industrial sector restructuring. Gear of production, and ancillary sales to break the original sectoral boundaries, professional production has developed rapidly. To be marketoriented, according to the laws of the market formed a vehicle with the gear system of the two major industrial gear.Gear for vehicles including cars, motorcycles, farm vehicles, farm machinery, engineering machinery supporting the largescale production of gear. Other metallurgical, construction, petroleum, chemical, mining, power, light industry, textiles, railways, aviation, ships, and other industrial outfits matching gear products, collectively called industrial gear. Gear Works to break the existing sectoral boundaries, crosssectoral and interdepartmental support, and gradually enter the international market. China has formed the backbone Gear Works nearly 200. National Gear annual output of about 25 billion yuan. The annual output of 200 million yuan to 20 billion yuan in 15 enterprises, sold 50 million yuan more than 45 enterprises. China has ascended to the world39。通過這次設(shè)計(jì)，使自己樹立了正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)，培養(yǎng)了分析問題，提出問題，解決問題的能力，為我們將來順利地步入工作崗位打下了許多堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，使我們更好地成為合格的工程技術(shù)人員，為我國(guó)的機(jī)械行業(yè)作出貢獻(xiàn)。通過這次設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)四年所學(xué)專業(yè)課程以及基礎(chǔ)課等均有了比較系統(tǒng)，全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。裝備圖中每個(gè)零件都應(yīng)編寫序號(hào)，并在標(biāo)題欄的上方用明細(xì)表來說明。外形尺寸：變速箱的最大長(zhǎng)、寬、高外形尺寸表明裝配圖中整體所占空間。如傳動(dòng)零件的中心距及其極限偏差等。選擇主視圖作為基本視圖，它將變速箱的工作原理和主要裝配關(guān)系集中反映在一個(gè)基本視圖上。軸承蓋：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)要求采用嵌入式軸承蓋各尺寸由【3】。（二）密封：防止外界的灰塵、水分等侵入軸承，并阻止?jié)櫥瑒┑穆┦?。?dāng)齒輪圓周速度時(shí)，圓柱齒輪浸入油的深度約一個(gè)齒高，三分之一齒輪半徑，大齒輪的齒頂?shù)接偷酌娴木嚯x≥30~60mm。齒條軸：齒條軸通過扇形齒的帶動(dòng)左右移動(dòng)，由于拔叉與軸通過銷連接，故拔叉也隨軸左右移動(dòng)了。由資料【2】198頁(yè)87式可得（四）軸承壽命計(jì)算因；故校核右軸承的壽命；由資料【2】197頁(yè)式（82）得 從以上計(jì)算可知兩類型的軸承均滿足各自的需求。由此可得右軸承：；由資料【1】表87得：=，查資料【1】表87得：=1，=0。A截面處當(dāng)量彎矩為強(qiáng)度校核：考慮鍵槽的影響。分別作水平出面和垂直面上的彎矩圖（e）（f），并按進(jìn)行合成。對(duì)于零件上的分布載荷或轉(zhuǎn)矩當(dāng)作集中力作用于軸上零件的寬度中點(diǎn)。A截面處當(dāng)量彎矩為強(qiáng)度校核：考慮鍵槽的影響。齒輪的圓周力：由資料【1】57頁(yè)公式（31）齒輪的徑向力：由資料【1】57頁(yè)公式（31）（3）計(jì)算軸的支反力垂直平面內(nèi)支反力，；水平面內(nèi)支反力，；（4）計(jì)算軸的彎矩，并畫彎、轉(zhuǎn)矩圖（如圖4所示）分別作水平出面和垂直面上的彎矩圖（e）（f），并按 進(jìn)行合成。分別求出垂直面上的支反力和水平面的支反力。（6）校核軸的強(qiáng)度根據(jù)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和當(dāng)量彎矩圖可知，A(即支點(diǎn)A處)截面彎矩最大，且截面也非最大，屬于危險(xiǎn)截面，其余截面相對(duì)而言是安全面。（2）軸上受力分析嚙合軸傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩：該齒輪在軸的中間，且彎扭和矩最大。(三)按彎矩合成校合第一對(duì)齒輪嚙合時(shí)的受力（由于軸上三個(gè)齒輪不是同時(shí)嚙合，故以下分別進(jìn)行計(jì)算）（1）畫受力簡(jiǎn)圖51中（b） 將軸上作用力分解為垂直面受力圖（c）和水平受力圖（d）。參【1】附表68計(jì)算故安全。畫轉(zhuǎn)矩圖（g）。分別求出垂直面上的支反力和水平面的支反力。第二節(jié) 軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核一、軸Ⅰ的設(shè)計(jì)（一）選擇軸的材料初選45號(hào)鋼，經(jīng)正火處理，其機(jī)械性能由資料【1】131頁(yè)表61查得，查141頁(yè)表64得，[]=60Mpa（二）初計(jì)算軸徑選C=110， 考慮到軸上鍵槽影響，將其直徑擴(kuò)大4%~5%，選為25mm又考慮到使用時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的因素將直徑定為25mm，初選7004C型角接觸球軸承，其尺寸。由于選用軟齒面齒輪的方案，其齒面強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較弱些，故按式（316）式較合理。(三)初步確定齒輪的基本參數(shù)和主要尺寸選擇齒輪類型根據(jù)齒輪傳動(dòng)的工作條件（中速，中載）可選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。d1= ==m=按表37取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模數(shù)m=則 a=m=(38+66)=130㎜修改直徑 d1=mz=38=95mm取整為(5～10)計(jì)算變位系數(shù)(1)計(jì)算嚙合角cos= = (2)根據(jù)和= 參【1】圖532得(3)因?yàn)楣拾醋蟛啃本€②分配變位系數(shù)得驗(yàn)算輪齒彎曲強(qiáng)度條件參【1】圖314，得Y=2。初選計(jì)算齒輪的主要尺寸可用式由【1】（316）或式（318）初步計(jì)算出齒輪的分度圓直徑或模數(shù)。主動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速 n1＝640r齒數(shù)比 轉(zhuǎn)矩: T1＝圓周速度: ≤4m/s設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)確定一種能滿足功能要求和設(shè)計(jì)約束的較好的設(shè)計(jì)方案包括:一組基本參數(shù) m﹑z1﹑ z2﹑x1﹑x2主要幾何尺寸d1﹑d2﹑ a等(二)選擇齒輪材料﹑熱處理方式選擇齒輪材料﹑熱處理方式按使用條件,屬于中速、中載、重要性和可靠性一般的齒輪傳動(dòng),可選用軟齒面齒輪,具體選用：小齒輪：45號(hào)鋼,調(diào)質(zhì)處理,硬度為230255HBS；大齒輪：45號(hào)鋼,正火處理,硬度為190217HBS；確定許用應(yīng)力(1)確定極限應(yīng)力 和 齒面硬度：小齒輪按230HBS,大齒輪按190HBS,參【1】圖316,得＝580Mpa ＝550 Mpa參【1】圖317,得＝220Mpa ＝210 Mpa(2) == 參【1】圖318,參【1】圖319, (3)計(jì)算許用應(yīng)力參【1】表34，取S=1,S=參【1】式311,得 MP MP參【1】由式312，得Y試驗(yàn)齒輪的應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)，按國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取Y=S為彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的最小安全系數(shù)。由于選用軟齒面齒輪的方案，其齒面強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較弱些，故按式（316）式較合理。(三)初步確定齒輪的基本參數(shù)和主要尺寸選擇齒輪類型根據(jù)齒輪傳動(dòng)的工作條件（中速，中載）可選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。六、確定帶的根數(shù)zZ≥== 參【1】表52 參【1】表53 【1】表54【1】表55確定帶的根數(shù)為4七、確定初拉力＝500＝＋ ＝ ㎏/m,參【1】表51八、計(jì)算壓力FQ=九、計(jì)算帶輪結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸帶輪寬B＝（z1）e+2f＝（41）15＋21＝65㎜ 由于帶輪的直徑d（300350）,參【1】，選帶輪為腹板式，具體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸如下： （圖1）第三節(jié) 聯(lián)軸器的選擇由于軸的轉(zhuǎn)速中等，載荷有變化，宜選用緩沖性較好。=9550==955