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最后誠摯感謝在百忙之中評審本人論文的各位老師。她的敬業(yè)和認真深深的打動了我。在此次論文的寫作中,我必須萬分感謝的就是我的導師王蘭老師。麥卡本塔強調五個美國亞裔族群都有各自獨特的市場特點:說不同的語言,吃不同的口味,具有不同的信仰,擁有不同的民族文化。但營銷人員們必須注意不能過度推廣。西班牙龍頭企業(yè)Univision稱70%的西班牙觀眾更喜歡買西班牙語做廣告的產品。在過去的10年中,拉丁裔新工人的家庭收入不高,但是他們的購買力上升迅速。%,其中中國人最多,其次是菲律賓人、日本人、印度人和韓國人。種族和其他市場不同的國家的族裔組成也存在很大差異。有些營銷人員喜歡關注同期群。在墨西哥,對牛奶、尿布、學校用品和玩具等產品的需求大于日本對這些產品的需求。雖然如此,公司如果能夠仔細的分析市場就能找到巨大的機會。在發(fā)展中國家,由于現代醫(yī)學的發(fā)展使得死亡率下降,但出生率卻一直相當穩(wěn)定。另外,有329個基督教徒,178個穆斯林教徒,132個印度教教徒,62個佛教徒,3個猶太教徒,167個為非宗教徒,45個無神論者,剩下的84個則為其他的宗教教徒。該村莊有52個北美人。首先引起營銷人員最感興趣的是不同城市、地區(qū)、和國家的人口數的多寡和成長率;年齡分布和種族組合、教育水平、家庭結構、地區(qū)特征和遷移。例如,爆炸式人口增長(人口)導致了資源在更大程度上的消耗和污染(自然環(huán)境),這使得消費者要求進一步的法律保護(政治法律),從而刺激了新技術和產品(技術),如果人們承擔得起(經濟因素),它又會改變人們的觀念和行為(社會文化)。在2005年,成本更低的晶體管的制造數量高于糧食的生產量,美國博客的讀者量相當于報紙讀者量的20%。確認主要的環(huán)境因素公司及供應商、中間商、顧客、競爭者和公眾,都在一個充滿影響因素和發(fā)展趨勢的宏觀環(huán)境中運作,這些因素和趨勢在世界范圍內創(chuàng)造機會,也帶來威脅。例如,一些公司銷售便攜式電子書或者電子書,但有興趣在電腦屏幕上讀書或者愿意按定價付款的人很少。例如,重視體態(tài)苗條和健康的人的百分比正逐年穩(wěn)步上升,特別是30歲以下的人、年輕女性、超重人群和住在西部的人。一個公司也許可以抓住一些時尚并且賺錢,諸如豆娃娃、Furby小精靈和Tickle Me Elmo娃娃玩具等,但這里重要的是運氣和時機。聯(lián)邦快遞創(chuàng)造了第二天送達的方法來滿足需要。s oldest populations. Milk, diapers,school supplies, and toys will be more important products in Mexico than in Japan. In general, there is a global trend toward an aging 2005, the population of people aged 60 or over surpassed the proportion of underfives, and it is unlikely that there will ever again be more toddlers than seniors,27 Marketers generally divide the population into six age groups: preschool children,schoolage children,teens, young adults age 20 to 40, middleaged adults age 40 to 65, and older adults age 65 and marketers like to focus on cohorts. Cohorts are groups of individuals who are born during the same time period and travel through life together. The defining moments they experience as they bee adults can stay with them for a lifetime and influence their values, preferences, and buying behaViors. Marketing Insight: Friends for Life summarizes one breakdown of cohorts in the . market.Ethnic and Other MarketsCountries also vary in ethnic and racial makeup. At one extreme is Japan, where almost everyone is Japanese。 age distribution and ethnic mix。 the . blogreading audience is already 20% of the size of the newspaperreading population。s profit potential. To help marketers spot cultural shifts that might bring new opportunities or threats,several firms offer socialcultural forecasts. The Yankelovich Monitor interviews 2,500 people nationally each year and has tracked 35 social trends since 1971,such as antibigness, mysticism, living for today, away from possessions, and sensuousness.Identifying the Major ForcesCompanies and their suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, petitors, and publics all operate in a macroenvironment of forces and trends, increasingly global, that shape opportunities and pose threats. These forces represent noncontrollables,which the pany must monitor and to which it must respond. The beginning of the new century brought a series of new challenges: the steep decline of the stock market, which affected savings, investment,and retirement funds。[10]宋佳, [J].:298-299 [11]Philip Kotler,Kevin Keller. Marketing Management[M].2012附錄一附錄一Marketing ManagementAnalyzing the MacroenvironmentSuccessful panies recognize and respond profitably to unmet needs and trends.Needs and TrendsEnterprising individuals and panies manage to create new solutions to unmet was created to meet the need for nextday mail was created to meet the needs of baby boomers who could no longer really wearor fit into their jeans and wanted a physically and psychologically fortable pair of distinguish among fads,trends,and fad is unpredictable, shortlived,and without social, economic and political significance. A pany can cash in on a fad such as Beanie Babies, Furbies,and Tickle Me Elmo dolls,but getting it right is more a mat173。[J].:1819[7]鄒望嬌, 楊永樂, 許媚盼, [J].(26):5455[4] 參考文獻參考文獻[1]用易拉寶、X展架、活動細則海報等物品進一步刺激進入商場的每一位客戶。 北京燕京八絕雕填首飾盒298元(限量15個);精美掛毯1188元(限量10個)。“十一”促銷活動十一國慶節(jié)期間,消費量比較大,希望通過此次促銷活動,增加企業(yè)營業(yè)額。針對商務會館、度假酒店、茶樓采用上門推銷的形式,由推銷人員攜帶產品畫冊、訂單等走訪顧客,介紹產品。計劃參加以下兩個展會:①2014年第八屆中國(北京)國際紅木古典家具博覽會,由全國工商聯(lián)會古玩業(yè)商會、中國傳統(tǒng)家具研究會、中國國際收藏協(xié)會、中國企業(yè)家收藏協(xié)會主辦。圖316 消費者最常看的節(jié)目數據來源:調查問卷。投放形式:平面廣告(3)廣播投放載體:交通臺通過調查,消費者最常聽的廣播頻道是交通臺。投放區(qū)域:北京投放時間:根據調查結果顯示,目標消費者大多數在19:0023:00上網。安裝隊伍——把家具部件運到顧客處進行組裝,將這一活動交給公司物流部門負責。 寬度渠道采用窄渠道策略,目前銷售渠道包括燕京八絕英明齋、燕京八絕物華苑。單件產品不能享受價格上的優(yōu)惠,但是購買成套的產品,如成套桌椅。產品在消費者心目中的無形價值是對產品價格制定的重要因素。如果家具1年內出現開裂,斷裂等非人為造成的損傷時會有相應售后維修人員負責免費上門維修,如果一些損傷無法現場處理,售后維修人員會將家具運回廠部進行修理。圖310京繡 服務售前服務:在顧客購買產品之前,會派售前服務人員陪同顧客參觀公司的產品展廳和生產基地并贈送相關的宣傳畫冊讓