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Swain (2020): Researching Pedagogic Tasks – Second language learning, teaching and testing. Longman: 2020. A task is an activity which requires learners to use language, with emphasis on meaning, to attain an objective. 五、任務型語言教學活動的設計 原則 歸納各學者的觀點,設計任務應遵守以下原則: ? 必須有明確的活動目標 ? 盡可能接近或類似現(xiàn)實生活中的真實活動 ? 必須有獲得、處理和傳達信息的過程 ? 學生必須做事情(討論或實際操作等) ? 學生使用語言時,重點是表達意義而不是操練語言形式( meaningfocused) ? 必須有具體的活動結果( product) 請大家判斷哪些是任務型語言教學中的任務? 1 Roleplay a dialogue in the textbook 2 Read a passage and answer questions 3 Do a survey to find out the favorite foods 4 Change sentences into passive voice 5 Write about your favourite sport 6 Reply to an message 7 Fill in the gaps with suitable words 8 Listen to instructions and draw a picture 9 Make a list of drinks a