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Swain (2020): Researching Pedagogic Tasks – Second language learning, teaching and testing. Longman: 2020. A task is an activity which requires learners to use language, with emphasis on meaning, to attain an objective. 五、任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)活動的設(shè)計(jì) 原則 歸納各學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)應(yīng)遵守以下原則: ? 必須有明確的活動目標(biāo) ? 盡可能接近或類似現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的真實(shí)活動 ? 必須有獲得、處理和傳達(dá)信息的過程 ? 學(xué)生必須做事情(討論或?qū)嶋H操作等) ? 學(xué)生使用語言時(shí),重點(diǎn)是表達(dá)意義而不是操練語言形式( meaningfocused) ? 必須有具體的活動結(jié)果( product) 請大家判斷哪些是任務(wù)型語言教學(xué)中的任務(wù)? 1 Roleplay a dialogue in the textbook 2 Read a passage and answer questions 3 Do a survey to find out the favorite foods 4 Change sentences into passive voice 5 Write about your favourite sport 6 Reply to an message 7 Fill in the gaps with suitable words 8 Listen to instructions and draw a picture 9 Make a list of drinks a