國(guó)貿(mào)理論與政策newtradetheory-資料下載頁(yè)
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【導(dǎo)讀】Stylizedfacts. (IIT)”;developedcountries;Two-country(AandB),two-goods(XandY),two-factor. X:labor-intensive,Y:capital-intensive;[factor-intensity. Stylizedfacts. inallinputs.market.rangeofoutputs,leadingmonopoly[m?‘n?p?li]壟斷。oroligopoly[,?li‘g?p?li]寡占。firms)ismoreefficient.
【正文】 nvention, growth and production of the personal puter with respect to the United States. Raymond Vernon (19311999) Raymond Vernon, “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Life Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXX (May 1966), pp. 190207. 2020/9/15 36 The Product Cycle Model(1) introduction growth maturity decline 2020/9/15 37 The Product Cycle Model(2) t Net Ex Net Im O USA UK China Stage 1 New product Ramp。D intensive Stage 2 Mature product Capital, skilled intensive Stage 3 Standard product Labor intensive 2020/9/15 38 The Case of the PCM 2020/9/15 39 New Trade Theory ? Two sources of new trade theory ? Stylized facts ? Theory modified: relax assumption ? Imperfect petition, Economies of scale and international trade ? Trade based on dynamic technological differences ? Costs of transportation, environmental standards and international trade 2020/9/15 40 Transportation Costs ? Transportation costs is very important. If no transportation costs, firms will locate in any place. ? How to measure the transportation costs? 參見： 錢學(xué)鋒，梁琦（ 2020）： 《 測(cè)度中國(guó)與 G7的雙邊貿(mào)易成本：一個(gè)改進(jìn)引力模型方法的應(yīng)用 》 ， 《 數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究 》 第 2期。 2020/9/15 41 Global Index of Trade Costs, 18701913 (1913=100) 2020/9/15 42 G7 trade costs and the IMF world ./. ratio .=. =cost, insurance, and freight包括成本 ,保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)在內(nèi)之到岸價(jià)格； . =free on board船上交貨 (價(jià)格 ),離岸價(jià)格 G7=Group of Seven 七國(guó)集團(tuán) (加拿大 ,法國(guó) ,德國(guó) ,英國(guó) ,意大利 ,日本 ,美國(guó) ) 2020/9/15 43 The bilateral trade costs between China and G7 2020/9/15 44 Partial Equilibrium Analysis of Transport Costs Transport Costs will reduce the volume of international trade. Transport Costs 2020/9/15 45 Transport costs and industry?s location ? Resourceoriented industries ? Marketoriented industries ? Footloose industries不受束縛的 2020/9/15 46 New New Trade Theory Recent empirical evidence shows differences among firms are crucial to understanding world trade. For example: ? firm differences within sectors may be more pronounced顯著的 than differences between sector averages。 ? most firms – even in tradedgoods sectors – do not export at all. ? ?new new? trade theory incorporated合并 、結(jié)合 firmlevel heterogeneity[,het?rod?i39。ni:iti]異質(zhì)性 to account for說明 。解釋 the many of the new firmlevel facts. 2020/9/15 47 Aw, Chung, and Roberts （ 2020）： 2020/9/15 48 Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz（ 2020）： 2020/9/15 49
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