國貿(mào)理論與政策newtradetheory-預(yù)覽頁
【正文】 s and international trade 2020/9/15 3 Stylized facts程式化的 ? Most of world trade was “Intraindustry trade (IIT)”。 ? The inplete petition in world trade. 2020/9/15 4 Relax assumption of HO model (1) ? Twocountry (A and B), twogoods (X and Y), twofactor (K and L) (2 2 2 model)。 [international trade can also be based on increasing returns to scale, which is plementary to the HO model] ? Inplete specialization。 [With some, but less than perfect, international factor mobility, the volume of trade required to bring about relative modity and factorprice equalization would be less] ? No any barriers。 3. If economies of scale persist over a sufficiently long range of outputs, leading monopoly[m?‘n?p?li] 壟斷 or oligopoly [,?li‘g?p?li] 寡占 2020/9/15 9 Types of Economies of Scale ? Economies of scale could mean either that larger firms or that a larger industry (., one made of more firms) is more efficient. ? Internal economies of scale occur when the cost per unit of output depends on the size of a firm. ? External economies of scale occur when cost per unit of output depends on the size of the industry. 2020/9/15 10 Intraindustry trade ? Why does intraindustry happen? ? Product differentiation ? Economies of scale ? Measuring intraindustry trade 2020/9/15 11 Indexes of Intraindustry Trade for . Industries, 1993 inanic chemistry無機(jī)化學(xué) pharmaceutical制藥的 apparel[?39。 ?More productivity ?Trade patterns is Indeterminate [,indi39。segm?ntid]分割的 markets – Given these conditions, a monopolistic [m?,n?p?39。 2020/9/15 41 Global Index of Trade Costs, 18701913 (1913=100) 2020/9/15 42 G7 trade costs and the IMF world ./. ratio .=. =cost, insurance, and freight包括成本 ,保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)在內(nèi)之到岸價(jià)格； . =free on board船上交貨 (價(jià)格 ),離岸價(jià)格 G7=Group of Seven 七國集團(tuán) (加拿大 ,法國 ,德國 ,英國 ,意大利 ,日本 ,美國 ) 2020/9/15 43 The bilateral trade costs between China and G7 2020/9/15 44 Partial Equilibrium Analysis of Transport Costs Transport Costs will reduce the volume of international trade. Transport Costs 2020/9/15 45 Transport costs and industry?s location ? Resourceoriented industries ? Marketoriented industries ? Footloose industries不受束縛的 2020/9/15 46 New New Trade Theory Recent empirical evidence shows differences among firms are crucial to understanding world trade. For example: ? firm differences within sectors may be more pronounced顯著的 than differences between sector averages
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