國貿(mào)理論與政策newtradetheory-wenkub
2022-08-21 02:55:03 本頁面
【正文】 ere the difference of factors ] ? Perfect petition。 [The technology can be as a factor of production] ? X: laborintensive, Y: capitalintensive。 ? Most of world trade happen between the developed countries。 ? The leader of industry was displaced constantly。 [factorintensity reversal is not very mon in the real world] ? Constant return to scale。 [Imperfect petition mean product differentiation and economies of scale] ? Factors can mobile within countries, not mobile cross countries。 2. Two nations need not be identical in every respect。d?d?in?s]內(nèi)生的 2020/9/15 18 ？ Firm?s equilibrium with profit maximization in short run ?In short run: MR=MC ? ?iiTC W l W x??? ? ?11iM R p ?????????0d dc? ?? ? ? ? ? ?22() 1110ipd d d dWdc dc dc dc? ? ?????? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?????? ? ? ???2020/9/15 19 Firm?s equilibrium in long run ? ?i i ip x W x????T R T C?iipW Lc? ??? (ZZ curve) 2020/9/15 20 The Krugman PPZZ model iiLLnlx???? ?iiLc x?1incL? ?? ?The number of firm or product: 2020/9/15 21 Effects of trade in PPZZ Model Conclusion: ?Lower price, more Varieties種類 。i?ju:]問題 in trade policy and is widely regarded as an unfair practice in international trade. – Example: As of April 2020, the United States had antidumping duties on 265 items from 40 different countries. – Dumping can occur only if two conditions are met: ? Imperfectly petitive industry ? Segmented[39。D intensive Stage 2 Mature product Capital, skilled intensive Stage 3 Standard product Labor intensive 2020/9/15 38 The Case of the PCM 2020/9/15 39 New Trade Theory ? Two sources of new trade theory ? Stylized facts ? Theory modified: relax assumption ? Imperfect petition, Economies of scale and international trade ? Trade based on dynamic technological differences ? Costs of transportation, environmental standards and international trade 2020/9/15 40 Transportation Costs ? Transportation costs is very important. If no transportation costs, firms will locate in any place. ? How to measure the transportation costs? 參見： 錢學(xué)鋒，梁琦（ 2020）： 《 測度中國與 G7的雙邊貿(mào)易成本：一個改進引力模型方法的應(yīng)用 》 ， 《 數(shù)量經(jīng)濟技術(shù)經(jīng)濟研究 》 第 2期。解釋 the many of the new firmlevel facts. 2020/9/15 47 Aw, Chung, and Roberts （ 2020）： 2020/9/15 48 Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz（ 2020）： 2020/9/15 49 。 ? most firms – even in tradedgoods sectors – do not export at all. ? ?new new? trade theory incorpora
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