【正文】 onfly and damselfly species so far assessed, nearly one in three ( 174) are threatened, including nearly 40% of endemic Sri Lankan dragonflies.,第四十七頁，共五十六頁。,“We need fish for food, but human activities in watersheds, through forest clearance, pollution, water abstraction and eutrophication are major factors influencing water quality and quantity. This has a major impact on freshwater species, and in turn on the wellbeing of riparian communities,〞 said Dr JeanChristophe Vi233。, Deputy Coordinator, IUCN Species Programme.,第四十八頁，共五十六頁。,In East Africa , human impacts on the freshwater environment threaten over one in four (28%) freshwater fish. This could have major commercial and dietary consequences for the region. For example, in Malawi , 70% of animal protein consumed comes from freshwater fish. The lake trout or Mpasa (Opsaridium microlepis) from Lake Malawi is fished heavily during its spawning runs upriver but has suffered a 50% decline in the past ten years, due to siltation of its spawning grounds and reduced flows due to water abstraction. It is now listed as Endangered.,第四十九頁，共五十六頁。,As well as being an important source of food, freshwater ecosystems are essential for clean drinking water and sanitation. Over a billion people worldwide still do not have access to safe water. The continuing decline in wetlands and freshwater ecosystems will make it increasingly difficult to address this need and maintain existing supplies.,第五十頁，共五十六頁。,With their semiaquatic habitat, dragonflies are proving to be useful indicators of habitat quality above and below the water surface. In the densely populated Kenyan highlands, where many rivers originate, the Endangered dragonfly Notogomphus maathaiae of mountain forest streams is being promoted as a flagship species to create awareness for their potential as “guardians of the watershed〞.,第五十一頁，共五十六頁。,Protecting its riverside forests will also help the farmers of the foothills, by guaranteeing soil stability and a steady flow of water. It is very appropriate that this dragonfly has been named in honour of African Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai, a tireless campaigner for the protection of the world’s natural resources in the fight against poverty.,第五十二頁，共五十六頁。,5.生態(tài)影響(yǐngxiǎng)預測,生態(tài)影響預測是在生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀調查、工程調查與分析、生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀評價的根底(gēndǐ)上，有選擇有重點地對某些評價因子和生態(tài)環(huán)境功能變化進行預測。由于擬議工程類型、對環(huán)境作用方式、評價級別和目的的不同，在環(huán)境影響評價報告書中的生態(tài)環(huán)境評價方法、內容和側重點也不盡相同。有的用定性描述評價，有的用定量或半定量評價方法。有的側重對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中生物因子的評價，有的側重對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中無力因子的評價；有的著重評價擬議工程的生態(tài)效應，有的著重評價生態(tài)系統(tǒng)污染水平變化。,第五十三頁，共五十六頁。,5.生態(tài)(shēngt224。i)影響預測,〔1〕預測內容：一般而言，自然資源開發(fā)工程對區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境〔主要包括對土地(tǔd236。)、植被、水溫和珍稀瀕危動植物物種等生態(tài)因子〕影響的預測內容包括兩個方面：一是不利的生態(tài)影響，如土壤侵蝕、水土流失、棲息地面積或數(shù)量減少、動植物量減少或滅絕；二是有利的生態(tài)影響，如自然保護區(qū)的保持、增加有意物種、增加生境的多樣性等。,第五十四頁，共五十六頁。,5.生態(tài)(shēngt224。i)影響預測,〔2〕生態(tài)(shēngt224。i)影響預測的方法：,第五十五頁，共五十六頁。,內容(n232。ir243。ng)總結,第九章 生態(tài)環(huán)境影響評價。當物種損失到一定(yīd236。ng)程度時，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有會被徹底被破壞。綠地數(shù)量減少,分布不均,連通程度變差。綠地數(shù)量減少1/2以上,分布不均,連通程度極差。〔2〕生態(tài)影響預測的方法：,第五十六頁，共五十六頁。