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Li Ming 致謝信模版 ( thanks) ?向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\摯的謝意。 ?簡(jiǎn)要說明感謝的原因。 ?再次表明感謝之情 ? I am thankful to you for your unselfish assistance during… ? My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words. I wish I could repay someday. 摘 要 ?漢語 1500字 English 100 words Different Invisible exact 謂語 漢語的謂語 英語的謂語 沒有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化 少用被動(dòng)句 多用被動(dòng)句 常常是動(dòng)詞作謂語 只有動(dòng)詞作謂語 名詞、數(shù)量詞、形容詞等可以作謂語 無 選擇謂語要注意時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化 ?過去的五十年并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。 ? The past fifty years was not really a golden age for inventions and creations. ?說明:在這個(gè)例子中,原文雖然有明顯的時(shí)間詞提示我們,所選擇的謂語需要用過去時(shí)態(tài),但是,大多數(shù)人忽略了謂語動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù)的問題,所以必須加以注意。 英文的時(shí)態(tài) ?實(shí)行改革開放以來改變了過去封閉半封閉狀態(tài),提高了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。 ? Since China started to implement the policy of opening up to the outside, its total or semiclosure has been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised. ?說明:在這個(gè)例子中,有 “ 以來 ” 這個(gè)漢語詞提示我們,在譯文中要用跟過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。同時(shí)漢語原文的謂語 “ 改變了 ”和 “ 提高了 ” 中的 “ 了 ” 也給我們提示,譯文需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 英文的時(shí)態(tài) ?中國的飲食方式正在發(fā)生許多變化。 ? Many changes are taking place in China39。s diet style. 被動(dòng)語態(tài) ?此外,對(duì)于那些剛剛脫貧的人們,他們目前的生活狀況必須改善。 ?Furthermore, the present living conditions must be improved for those who have just freed themselves from poverty. ?說明:這個(gè)例子中,漢語原文雖然沒有明顯的被動(dòng)句的標(biāo)志詞,但是,我們知道“生活狀況必須改善”這個(gè)主干結(jié)構(gòu)中,邏輯上應(yīng)該是“生活狀況必須被改善”。所以,我們需要選擇“改善”這個(gè)詞來翻譯為英語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 練習(xí):被動(dòng)語態(tài) ?美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制主要是圍繞著私人企業(yè)和以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向而建立起來的。 ? The economic system of . is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market ?他們的生產(chǎn)和生活狀況沒有從根本上被改變。 ? Their production and living conditions have not been changed fundamentally. 被動(dòng)語態(tài) ?各國的人權(quán)問題主要由各國政府和人民自己來解決,世界的人權(quán)問題要由世界各國政府和人民共同參與來解決。 ?Each country39。s human rights problem should be solved mainly by its own government and people, while that of the world by governments and people from all over the world together. 英文的系表結(jié)構(gòu) ?投資規(guī)模偏大。 ? The investment scale is too large ?很多道路太窄。 ? Many of the roads are too narrow. 定主語 ?一 , 確定漢語原文的主語為英語譯文的主語 ? 1. 把漢語原文中的主語直接翻譯成英語充當(dāng)譯文的主語,這是一種最簡(jiǎn)單、最可靠的對(duì)應(yīng)方法,也是我們做漢英翻譯 “ 定主語 ” 的時(shí)候首先應(yīng)該考慮的方法。 ?當(dāng)前,國際形勢(shì)正經(jīng)歷著自冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后最復(fù)雜、最深刻的變化。 ? At present, the international situation is experiencing the most plicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War. 練習(xí) ?和平與發(fā)展仍然是擺在世界各國人民面前的兩大課題。 ? Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the world. ?注 :以上兩個(gè)例子中,漢語句子的主語是名詞,由于名詞在英語句子中可以直接充當(dāng)主語,所以在翻譯的時(shí)候可以直接對(duì)應(yīng)下來,確定這個(gè)名詞為譯文的主語。 代詞充當(dāng)主語 ?我們正努力教育公民不要像西方國家那樣過度消費(fèi),比如使用過多的空調(diào)、私人汽車、以及隨意處理的產(chǎn)品 . ? We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavior of overconsumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will. 代詞充當(dāng)主語 ?如今我們有許多不同的選擇:除傳統(tǒng)的家常菜以外,還有營養(yǎng)保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品 . ? Nowadays we have many varieties of choices: nutritionbalanced and healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditional homemade meal. 定式形式則可以充當(dāng)主語。 ?幫助真正的窮人,要比僅僅縮小貧富差距更有價(jià)值。幫助下層社會(huì)的人重新回到社會(huì)主流中來,符合所有人的利益。 ? Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all. ?推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、完成祖國統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)世界和平與促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展,是中國人民在新世紀(jì)的三大歷史任務(wù)。 ?To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard world peace and promote mon development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century. ? there be… ?還將有一些生活極端貧困的人們,他們還需要政府的資助。 ? There will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of the government39。s financial support. 練習(xí) ?迄今為止, 教育工作還沒有找到 比考試更有效、更可靠的 方法 。 ? So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education.