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女主人翁男女性格雙重元素、自我意識和自卑心理,以及文本人物形象塑造與作者夏洛蒂勃朗特的性格特點(diǎn)等(《論夏洛蒂勃朗特的婦女觀——解讀〈簡愛〉中的自我意識和自卑心理》,康丹,2002);簡愛的雙重性格問題研究(《雙性同體的新女性——簡愛形象新析》,郭笑梅,2001);也有學(xué)者把故事人物類型及命運(yùn)特點(diǎn)與作者生平經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來加以研究(《失明與羞怯——從羅切斯特的失明看夏洛蒂勃朗特的心理趨向》,史汝波,2004)。對于《呼嘯山莊》的研究,歷代批評家有著不同的評論視野,如傳記式,心理分析式,女性主義分析,社會學(xué)式,以及神話原型批評式等,每一種批評方式都有其解讀方式和解讀空間,但同時也存在一定的局限。在生態(tài)平衡方面的研究(《回歸自然,返璞歸真——的生態(tài)批評》,陳茂林,2007)。三. 課題的研究價值(課題的價值及實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義)十九世紀(jì)英國的勃朗特姐妹的著作《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》是十九世紀(jì)維多利亞時期具代表性作品。自從這兩部小說問世之后,對它們及其作者的研究就已經(jīng)開始。不足之處在于很少有把兩姐妹的創(chuàng)作作為一個整體來看待,她們兩人作品之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系及差異很少有人研究。這兩篇不同的作品出自兩個從小生活在一起的姐妹之手,對相同的生活有著不同的理解使得她們的作品有不一樣的風(fēng)格。本文采用比較的方法,對比《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》,結(jié)合當(dāng)時維多利亞時期文化背景對勃朗特姐妹創(chuàng)作手法的異同及形成差異的主要原因進(jìn)行探討,進(jìn)一步揭示彼此作品的特點(diǎn),推進(jìn)對勃朗特姐妹的研究,幫助我們更多地了解維多利亞時期英國文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)及社會發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。四. 課題的實(shí)施方案::采用比較的方法,通過比較《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》兩部小說的創(chuàng)作的異同對勃朗特姐妹創(chuàng)作手法的異同及形成差異的主要原因進(jìn)行探討,更進(jìn)一步揭示姐妹二人的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)及對后世的影響,推進(jìn)對勃朗特姐妹的研究。2.課題的研究重點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵及解決的思路:重點(diǎn)對比《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》兩部小說在創(chuàng)作上異同點(diǎn),探討形成這些異同點(diǎn)的社會原因和勃朗特姐妹自身的原因。解決的思路:: 引言《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》的創(chuàng)作異同1. 《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》在創(chuàng)作上的相似點(diǎn).主題表達(dá)上的相似.寫作形式上都滲透著哥特式小說的特點(diǎn).主人翁反抗精神及自我追求.兩部小說都運(yùn)用了象征手法2. 《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》在創(chuàng)作上的不用點(diǎn).表達(dá)的主題不同.對愛情的觀點(diǎn)不同.女主人翁的性格和命運(yùn)不同.兩位女主人翁的宗教信仰不同III.造成創(chuàng)作手法不同的原因1. 相似點(diǎn)的原因 兩部小說的歷史形成因素,當(dāng)時的社會環(huán)境 兩姐妹的生活環(huán)境 兩姐妹個性及心理方面的差異 兩姐妹對時代的真實(shí)感受不同 兩姐妹自身的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性兩部作品對比的意義及對后世的影響五.課題的預(yù)期效果:對大家熟悉的兩部小說《簡愛》和《呼嘯山莊》對比分析,可以使我們進(jìn)一步了解勃朗特姐妹,了解維多利亞時期英國文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)及社會的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。六.開展課題研究擬搜集的資料,主要參考文獻(xiàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的支撐及解決方法:, : 當(dāng)代中國出版社,2002, :世界圖書出版社,2003, Life of Emily : Blackwell, 1987, Van “Wuthering Heights” in the NineteenthCentury :Heine Mann, 1981 Life of Charlotte : Penguin Press, 1975, Essays about Brace College Publishers, 1994.《簡愛》愛情故事中的真善美[J].珠海城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院,2006《簡愛》中的女性意識[J].湖北經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院學(xué)院報,2007《簡愛》中的愛情與婚姻看兩性關(guān)系中女性的屈從地位[J].重慶工學(xué)院報,2006,(10).[M].,三環(huán)出版社,2004[M].北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,2001《呼嘯山莊》復(fù)仇主題的原型分析[J].四川外國語學(xué)報,王玉珍,傷感與恐怖:人類最真實(shí)的情感體驗(yàn)——試析哥特式小說的情感內(nèi)涵[J].——《呼嘯山莊》的意象研究[J].重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報,2004[M].北京:科學(xué)出版社,1999[J].名作欣賞,1986[M].北京:中國社會科學(xué)出版社,1983,[M].上海外語教育出版社,2002——勃朗特姐妹傳[M].北京:中國文聯(lián)出版社,2002:2010年2月1日~2010年4月30日 初稿2010年5月1日~2010年6月2 日 二稿2010年6月2日~2010年6月3 日 定稿第五篇:英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文開題報告下面是一篇英語論文的開題報告范文,雖然不是特別好,但也反應(yīng)了開題報告的格式和寫法,有一定的借鑒價值。Function and Application of Descriptive Translation StudiesIntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical then on, schools of thought have kept ing out and each claims its legitimacy for these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical is viewed to be a social activity having significantimportance in the receiving culture and for the target , translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language parison, and is incorporated in social and cultural attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator‘s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target method of DTS is basically prescriptive tendency and the problemsolution pattern is phenomena are noted accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will e out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.―Norm‖ is operative at every stage of description and , process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive phenomena are accounted for with the help of case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsienyi and David Hawks are pared and observations are made in regard to their translation this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope indepth observation and explanation will done in light of Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe Holms‘ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudotranslation, multiple translation, translationese, norm MethodolgyI will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept DTS in contrast to other theoriesA contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya advantage will possibly be shown in this Case studyIn this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions(also translated as The Story of The Stone)will be under investigation in light of samples to be quoted here will be selected at ConclusionBased on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)0000附錄2引文范例(僅供參考)―It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its plex subjectmatter and available is a mental, multifactorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.‖(Wilss, 1982: 217)?―噢,這就是恐水病吧?你們貴族圈子怎么流行起這種病來啦?真夠嗆的!費(fèi)芬斯小姐,您喝點(diǎn)茶大概沒關(guān)系吧!‖‘(張南峰,1990:5960)附錄3參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)Wilss, Science of Translation – Problems and Narr Verlag Tubingen, Textbook of York: Prentice Hall, , Puns: A false Opposition in Translation , 1991(3:2):(譯).:海峽文藝出版社,―一條龍‖體系,外語教學(xué)與研究,2001(5).附錄4封面范例(僅供參考)(中