【正文】 ”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not you will read the book, I will lend it to you.(2)在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?(3)will表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“會(huì)要”之意 Fish will die out of door won’t 。Used to 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在，疑問(wèn)式和否定式有兩種。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),適用于第二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)。主要表示下面幾層意思： 1）許諾You shall hear everything directly you ?！癢hatever you want you shall have , ”said the ：“你想得到什么，你就可以有什么?！?I don39。t want to be hard on your daughter。she shan39。t be ，她不會(huì)太受壓的。I promise that you shall see her again before 。2）命令You shall e to my office 。She shall not stay in my 。He shall not e into my 。You shall do as you are 。3）決心（表示某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生）That day shall 。It has been decided that he shall be given the 。This law shall e into effect on January 1st 2001 這個(gè)法律于2001年元月1日生效。4）規(guī)定Each petitor shall wear a 。The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly 。The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after receipt of the ，買(mǎi)方在收到貨物后十五天內(nèi)付款。should（用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)表示具體的意思，有時(shí)卻沒(méi)有意義。主要用于下面幾個(gè)方面。）1）表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事You shouldn39。t e to such a decision 。You should write to your parents at least once a 。We should read English aloud every 。They should do it for their own 。2）表示對(duì)某種情況的估計(jì)She shouldn39。t be out in such an early 。The effect of the tax should be felt in higher 。The event should lead them to a even worse economic 。This book should be published in two months at 。3）表示驚訝、失望等情緒I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so ，竟然每個(gè)人都如此傷心就太糟糕了。Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干嗎要無(wú)為地付給他錢(qián)？ It seems so unfair that this should happen to 。It39。s strange that it should be so cold ，今天怎么會(huì)這么冷。4）用于某些從句中表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣The doctor insisted that the girl should be 。If it had not been for the doctor39。s care the girl should not be speaking to you ，這個(gè)女孩現(xiàn)在就不能與你說(shuō)話(huà)了。She stood away so that he should enter the room ，好讓他第一個(gè)進(jìn)入房間。I39。ll write it down lest I should forget it 我將它記下以免遺忘。Take an umbrella with you in case it should ，以防萬(wàn)一下雨。用于表示一種驚訝的語(yǔ)氣，should的這一用法也是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一：例：It is unthinkable that a strong character like Nancy should find a weakwilled man acceptable.（象南希這樣很有主見(jiàn)的女子竟然覺(jué)得一個(gè)意志軟弱的男子也可以接受，真讓人不可想象。）I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.（她竟然對(duì)你說(shuō)這種話(huà)，真讓我吃驚。）will , would（would可以看作是will的過(guò)去式，這兩個(gè)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)不相同外，在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的獨(dú)特用法。）1）用于第二人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句，表示請(qǐng)求（在這種用法中would使語(yǔ)氣更為客氣、委婉）Will you tell her that I39。ll be back in twenty minutes ? 請(qǐng)告訴她我二十分鐘后回來(lái)，好嗎？If you want help, just let me know , will you ? 你需要幫助就告訴我，好嗎？Won39。t you e in and have a little whisky ? 你要不要進(jìn)來(lái)喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌？（或是：你進(jìn)來(lái)喝一點(diǎn)兒威士忌，好嗎？）Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ? 您能告訴我怎么去購(gòu)物中心嗎？ 2）用于表示愿望Go where you 。I will pay you at the rate you 。He wouldn39。t let the doctor take his blood 。They had to obey whether they would or 。3）表示習(xí)慣、傾向（可譯成“總是會(huì)、老是，等”）Sometimes the cat will lie there all ，那只貓總是整個(gè)下午都躺在那兒。Oil and water will not 。He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at ，什么都不干。4）表示猜測(cè)（可譯成“一定是……、想必……，等”）This will be the house you39。re looking 。He will have gone back to New 。The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right ? 你說(shuō)的那個(gè)人一定是爸爸了，對(duì)嗎？That would be in 1999 , I 。5）will用于表示決心（可譯成“一定要,決心，等”）We will never talk about that subject 。I will make this puter work even if I have to stay up all 。6）would常用于虛擬條件句，表示與事實(shí)相反或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況But for your help we would have been 。Well, I wouldn39。t worry about won39。t do me any ，我不會(huì)擔(dān)心那件事的，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)給我?guī)?lái)什么好處。表示猜測(cè)、推測(cè)must常用于肯定句中表示猜測(cè)。對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，后接have + 過(guò)去分詞。例如：You must be tired after working so ，肯定累了吧。It must be that naughty boy crying 。The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or 。It must have rained last night for it is so wet ，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didn39。t see you in class must have been ，你肯定沒(méi)有來(lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳解關(guān)鍵字： 師生交流 作者：林建華 更新時(shí)間：20081220 08:42:00一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。We can be there on time 。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始嗎？You must obey the school 。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列： can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall(should), will(would).二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的位置情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問(wèn)句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。I can see ，過(guò)來(lái)吧。He must have been 。What can I do for you? 你要什么？How dare you treat us like that!你怎么敢那樣對(duì)待我們?nèi)?、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加“not”。個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，過(guò)去式可以用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。He could be here 。We can39。t carry the heavy 。I39。m sorry I can39。t help ，我?guī)筒簧夏?。四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法(could)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人能, 可以, 同意, 準(zhǔn)許, 以及客觀條件許可, could 為can 的過(guò)去式。Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書(shū)嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn), 你能幫助我嗎? What can you do? 你能干點(diǎn)什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握嗎?can 和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種時(shí)態(tài)，將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)用be able to 來(lái)表示。He could help us at 。With the teacher?s help, I shall be able to speak English , 我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語(yǔ)。(might)“可以”，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。You may take the book 。May I e in? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎? You may put on more 。He said he might lend us some 。may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫(xiě)形式是 mayn?t。might 是may 的過(guò)去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過(guò)去式，一種表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，使語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩?。He told me he might be here on 。Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點(diǎn)錢(qián)嗎? He might be 。 “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測(cè)。must 用來(lái)指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去式可用 have to 的過(guò)去式代替。I must finish my work 。You mustn39。t work all the 。Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書(shū)嗎?After such a long walk, you must be , 你一定累了。He must be the man I am looking 。He had to go because of somebody?s calling him that ，因?yàn)橛腥私兴Ｖ档米⒁獾氖牵海?）must + have + 過(guò)去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)。He must have told my parents about 。He must have received my letter 。It39。s six o39。clock already, we must have been late ，我們一定又遲到了。（2）must 和 have to 的區(qū)別: must 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀思想, have to “不得不,必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。You must do it 。(說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干)I have to go 。(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走)You must be here on time next 。I have to cook for my 。 “需要”， I at