【正文】 句尾，用在疑問句或否定句中）；already(用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陳述句中)；ever；never；just；before(單獨用在句子末尾，常用此時態(tài)。但若時間段加before, 常用過去完成時)：1形容詞修飾名詞，作定語（劃線部分）：She is a kind bad weather!I bought a new ，作表語(劃線部分)：The girl is face turned tastes (劃線部分)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，也可修飾整個句子。He ran speak lives She is very felt too ’m so He got up quite did it very Unluckily, I failed the English day: everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。We speak English every one: 1everyone“每個人；大家；所有人”，只指人。后不接of短語。Everyone is here except one“每一個”既可指人，也可指物。后要接of短語。Every one of us has a one of the trees is one: 1no one“沒有一人”只指人,后不接of短語。No one has been to Beihai one told us about it.(以上因后面無of短語，故不用none)2none“沒有人；沒有任何東西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不可數(shù)名詞。后常接of短語。None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.（此處指人。因后有of短語，故不用no one）A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.（對話中none單獨用，指物，不用no one.）:1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane)(無冠詞)2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship(有冠詞或限定詞)3in his/a car(car前用in)4on foot 5動詞短語: ride a bike /a horse。drive a car。walk。take a plane/ taxi/ bus。fly of 與kinds of:1kind of 單獨用，表示“有點”，后接形容詞或副詞：He is kind of thin.”他有點瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有點餓”Uncle Wang speaks kind of 。2若kind of前有a, this, that等，譯為“一種，這種，那種” 后加名詞。That kind of question is difficult to 。3熟記一些短語：all kinds of...“各種各樣的...”many kinds of“很多種類的”different kinds of“不同種類的” 后加名詞。動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English? / snow / wind的常見修飾詞：a strong wind“一陣強風”a heavy rain“一場大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名詞短語）blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain hard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是動詞短語）：1on Teachers’ Day表節(jié)日或周幾前用“on”.2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”。3in eight days“八天后”用“in”。4(in)those / these days“在過去 / 現(xiàn)在”5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介詞。同樣，on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介詞用的是on（有時可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/：1family“家庭；家庭成員”指整體時，表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；指成員時，表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式：His family is going to family is large.（以上指整體，謂語用單數(shù)）My familyare very 。（指成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）一般不再區(qū)分謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。類似的還有：staff(職員)，class, team, public(公眾)，謂語只用復(fù)數(shù)。如people, police, cattle等：The police are searching for a man with a big cattle are eating grass in the , fish，sheep等詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同：a deer(一只鹿)/ two deer(兩只鹿)a fish(一條魚)/ two fish(兩條魚)a sheep(一只羊)/ some sheep(一些羊)另外fish若表示種類時，復(fù)數(shù)要在后加es: two fishes(兩種魚)4有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有特殊形式：man→men。woman→women。foot→feet。tooth→teeth。mouse→mice。child→children。ox→oxen(公牛)5有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式：scissors(剪刀)clothes(衣服)trousers(褲子)glasses(眼鏡)6有些名詞只是不可數(shù)名詞： It’s such great fun!What good news!I won’t do anything in such bad you tell me some information? I like music which is ：a piece of chalk much knowledge learn a little English等：1leave可指“離開”leave Zhengzhou離開鄭州leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan離開鄭州到武漢leave for Wuhan動身到武漢(for后接目的地，而不是出發(fā)地)2leave留下；忘記 I left my backpack at ，而forget后無地點。Sorry, I forgot the ：1都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語： Her mother was ill in （在美語中），也可作定語：Her mother was sick in is taking care of her sick mother.(此處是定語，不可用ill, 見下文ill用法)2若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的“The boy always feels sick when he travels by ：1“返回”，相當于“go back / get back / e back..如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.（當“返回”時是不及物動詞，先加to才可再加地點。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）2“歸還”，相當于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.（當“歸還”時是及物動詞，后直接加物，：You should return the piano to Dick on time.） 與own的類似結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞性物主代詞 + favorite +名詞（某人最喜歡的...）或者 + own + 名詞(某人自己的...)如：My favorite animal is found hisown / start(begin)/ forget(remember)/ like/go on等動詞：1stop doing 。stop to do （stop后是將要做的事）He was tired, so he stopped was tired, so he stopped to have a ：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a ，但以下情況下start/begin后只接to do: ★若start / begin 已用進行時態(tài)時：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.★主語是物而不是人時：The ice began / started to melt.★其后的動詞與想法、感情有關(guān)時：He began / started to understand 。forget / remember doing 。4like doing sth.(因愛好而喜歡，表示一種習慣)Jack likes sleeping in the class.(在班睡覺雖不是好事，杰克卻有這個愛好。有睡覺的習慣。)like to do sth(認為明智或正確而喜歡)She likes to help others.（助人是一件正確的事，所以喜歡。）I don’t like to play in the street.(在大街上玩不明智，故不喜歡)有時區(qū)別不明顯，接兩形式都可。He likes watching / to watch on doing （上文所做的事）go on to do sth接下來做另一件事（不是上文所做之事）：主格 賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞(作主語)(作賓語)(后要再接名詞)(后不再接名詞)(主賓一致)I me my pen/house...mine myselfyou(你)you your bag/car...yours yourselfhe him his desk/coat...his himselfshe her her hair/books...hers herselfit it its tail/face...its itselfwe us our teacher/room...ours ourselvesyou(你們)you your class/hometown...yours yourselvesthey them their school/fathers...theirs themselves ：基數(shù)詞表示人或物的數(shù)量。序數(shù)詞表示人或物的次序。注意以下幾種形式：one→first two→secondthree→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth twenty→twentieth thirty等類推另外，“四十”forty。無字母u.“第九” /space /place: 1room“房間”（可數(shù)）a room/ two rooms“空間”（不可數(shù)）：指可以容納東西或為其它目的而使用的空間。Could you make room for me? 你能為我讓一下空間嗎？Is there room for me in the car? 車里有我的位子嗎？2space“空間”普通用語，表示萬物存在之處，與“時間”（time）為相對概念。in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空間（太空）time and space時間和空間Is there any space for me in the car?(此處和room的含義相當)3place“地方”（可數(shù)），指某一具體地點。I want to live in a place which is warm in Chaya is a wonderful 。、人與語言的對應(yīng)：1China“中國”Chinese（無復(fù)數(shù)形式）“中國人（的）/中文（的）/中國的” a Chinese/ two Chinese“一個/兩個中國人”Japan, Japanese 和此類似。2England“英國（原義：英格蘭）”(= Britain)English（無復(fù)數(shù)形式）“英國人（的）/英語（的）/英國的”He is English.(前無冠詞)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠詞)“他是英國人”注意復(fù)數(shù)：They are English.= They are Englishmen.(變?yōu)閙en)3France“法國” French(無復(fù)數(shù)形式)“法國人(的)/ 法語(的)/ 法國的”The lady is French.(前無冠詞)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠詞)注意復(fù)數(shù)：The ladies are French.= The ladies are “德國”German“德國人(的)/ 德語(的)/ 德國的”The boy is a German.(前有冠詞)The boys are Germans.(復(fù)數(shù)加s.）5America“美國” American“美國人（的）/ 美國的”He is American.(前常無冠詞）They are Americans.(復(fù)數(shù)加s):◆noise(名詞)“噪音”。noisy(形容詞)。noisily(副詞)◆health(名詞)“健康”。healthy(形容詞)。healthily(副詞)◆luck(名詞)“運氣”。lucky(形容詞)“幸運的”。luckily(副詞)◆succeed(動詞)“成功”。success(名詞)。successful(形容詞)successfully(副詞)◆save(動詞)“救，節(jié)省，存”。safe(形容詞)“安全的”。safety(名詞)“安全，安全場所”saf