【正文】
ost生產(chǎn)成本 – Marketing strategy營銷策略– Sales cost銷售成本– Delivery cost運(yùn)送成本– Financing cost融資成本 – anticipated profit預(yù)期利潤– terms of payment付款方式– costplus pricing成本加成定價(jià)法 – marginal cost pricing邊際成本定價(jià)法 – buyer based pricing買方價(jià)值定價(jià)法 petition based pricing 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)定價(jià)法 export profit margin28 出口盈虧率export cost for foreign exchang出口換匯成本breakeven point 盈虧平衡點(diǎn)Local currency 本幣? markup 加價(jià),上浮? Face value 票面值,表面價(jià)值 ? premium rate 保險(xiǎn)率 ?net price凈價(jià) ?mission 傭金 ?discount折扣? Exchange rate 匯率Final price最終價(jià)格 ?total price總價(jià)? unfixed price 非固定價(jià)money of account 計(jì)價(jià)貨幣 ?initial pric 最初價(jià)格? Money of payment支付貨幣 ? Unit price 單價(jià)? Price adjustment clause 價(jià)格調(diào)整條款? Price including mission 含傭價(jià) ? rebate 減免、退款? wage index工資指數(shù)? 出現(xiàn)下列一類的詞句者,皆為虛盤: ?Subject to prior 。All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated.?所作報(bào)價(jià),除特別注明外,須經(jīng)我方確認(rèn)后方能生效。Our offer is subject to approval of export ,我方報(bào)價(jià)才有效 賣方發(fā)盤,或稱“售貨發(fā)盤”(Selling Offer)買方發(fā)盤,或稱“購貨發(fā)盤”(Buying Offer),習(xí)稱“遞盤”(Bid)? offer 報(bào)盤,報(bào)價(jià)? to offer for 對(duì)...報(bào)價(jià)? to make an offer for 對(duì)...報(bào)盤(報(bào)價(jià))? firm offer 實(shí)盤? nonfirm offer 虛盤? to forward an offer(or to send an offer)寄送報(bào)盤to get an offer(or to obtain an offer)獲得...報(bào)盤? to cable an offer(or to telegraph an offer)電報(bào)(進(jìn)行)報(bào)價(jià)? offer and acceptance by post 通過郵政報(bào)價(jià)及接受? to accept an offer 接受報(bào)盤? to entertain an offer 考慮報(bào)盤? to give an offer 給...報(bào)盤? to submit an offer 提交報(bào)盤official offer 正式報(bào)價(jià)(報(bào)盤)? 指示性價(jià)格 price indication ? 速復(fù) reply immediately ? 參考價(jià) reference price ?習(xí)慣做法 usual practice? 交易磋商 business negotiation? 不受約束 without engagement ? 業(yè)務(wù)洽談 business discussion ? 限**復(fù) subject to reply **? 限* *復(fù)到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity? 有效至**: valid till **? 購貨合同 purchase contract? 銷售合同 sales contract? 購貨確認(rèn)書 purchase confirmation ? 銷售確認(rèn)書 sales confirmation? 一般交易條件 general terms and conditions ? 以未售出為準(zhǔn) subject to prior sale? 需經(jīng)賣方確認(rèn) subject to seller39。s confirmation? 需經(jīng)我方最后確認(rèn) subject to our final confirmation? 憑規(guī)格買賣sale by specification ? 憑等級(jí)買賣sale by grade ? 憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣sale by standard ? 憑說明書買賣sale by illustration? 憑品牌或商標(biāo)買賣sale by brand or trade mark ? 憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣sale by name of origin? 憑說明書和圖樣買賣sale by description and illustration ? .(fair average quality)良好平均品質(zhì)? .(good merchantable quality)上好可銷品質(zhì)。合同中的品質(zhì)條款(一)基本內(nèi)容(見例)?Sample Cloth Doll ?White Rice,LongShaped,?Broken Grains(max.)25% ?Admixture(max.)% ?Moisture(max.)15% ?T101 MAXAM Dental Cream ? Quality as per sample and technical feature indicated in the illustrations submitted by seller.? ? ? ? ? ?品質(zhì)以賣方提供的第123號(hào)樣品和說明書的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn)。Quality and technical data as per Seller‘s catalogue page 123 and line 。、Quality and technical data to be in conformity with the attached technical agreement which forms an integral part of this 。機(jī)動(dòng)幅度(Quality latitude):規(guī)定范圍(38/39“)規(guī)定極限(.)規(guī)定上下差異(2% more or less)品質(zhì)公差(Quality tolerance):國際、行業(yè)公認(rèn)、合同規(guī)定 品質(zhì)的增減價(jià)條款:含油量每177。1%,合同價(jià)格177。% 常用計(jì)量單位:千克(Kilogram, kg.)噸(ton, t)公噸(metric ton, m/t)長噸(long ton, 1/t)短噸(short ton,s/t)公擔(dān)(.)克(gram, gm.)磅(pound, lb.)盎司(ounce, oz)克拉(carat, car)適用貨物:一般天然產(chǎn)品,以及部分工業(yè)制成品。如,羊毛、棉花、谷物、礦產(chǎn)品、油類、沙鹽、藥品等。碼(yard, yd.)米(meter, m.)英尺(foot, ft)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 厘米(centimeter, cm.)? 公里(kilometer, km)適用貨物:紡織品匹頭、繩索、電線電纜等。? 箱case。? 只piece。pc ? 紙箱carton? 件package。pkg ? 聽tin ? 包bale? 打dozen。doz.? 罐can? 桶drum or barrel ? 套set ? 盒box? 袋sack or bag? 瓶bottle ? 簍/筐basket? 羅gross。gr(12 doz)? 大羅great gross(12 gr)? 令ream。rm ? 卷roll? 張piece/sheet ? 雙pair ? 對(duì)yoke ? 頭head 常用單位:?平方英尺square foot, ?平方碼square yard, ?平方米square meter,適用貨物:玻璃板、地毯、皮制產(chǎn)品、塑料制品等。如:塑料篷布,塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網(wǎng)等。常用單位:?平方英尺square foot, ?平方碼square yard, ?平方米square meter,適用貨物:玻璃板、地毯、皮制產(chǎn)品、塑料制品等。如:塑料篷布,塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網(wǎng)等。? 立方米 cubic meter, ? 立方英尺 cubic foot, ? 立方碼 cubic yard, ? 適用貨物:天然氣、化學(xué)氣體,木材等。? 公升(litre, or l.), ? 加侖(gallon, or gal.)? 蒲式耳(bushel, or bu.)適用貨物:谷物類,以及部分流體、氣體物品。如,小麥、玉米;煤油、汽油,酒精、啤酒、雙氧水、天然瓦斯等。、毛重GROSS WEIGHT凈重NET WEIGHT理論重量THEORETICAL WEIGHT、法定重量LEGAL WEIGHT運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志(Shipping Mark)指示性標(biāo)志(Indicative Mark)警告性標(biāo)志(Warning Mark)中性包裝(Neutral Packing OEM(原始設(shè)備制造商)到ODM(原始設(shè)計(jì)制造商)到OBM(原始品牌制造商)正常提單(Current B/L)它是指在信用證的條件下,賣方在信用證規(guī)定的交單期內(nèi)提交給銀行議付貨款的提單。? 過期提單(stale B/L)過期提單有兩種含義:①是指出口商在裝船后延滯過久才交到銀行議付的提單;②是提單晚于貨物到達(dá)目的港,這種提單也稱為過期提單。這種情況是近洋運(yùn)輸中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的,所以,近洋國家間的貿(mào)易合同一般都規(guī)定有“過期提單也可接受”(stale B/L is acceptable)的條款。倒簽提單(Antidated B/L)? 承運(yùn)人應(yīng)托運(yùn)人的要求,簽發(fā)提單的日期早于實(shí)際裝船日期的提單。目的是符合信用證對(duì)裝船日期的規(guī)定,便于在信用證下結(jié)匯。預(yù)借提單(Advanced B/L)? 又稱無貨提單,它是指在信用所結(jié)匯期,即信用證的有效期即將屆滿,而貨物尚未裝船或尚未裝船完畢的情況下,托運(yùn)人為了能及時(shí)結(jié)匯,而要求承運(yùn)人提前簽發(fā)的已裝船清潔提單。? ? ? ? ? 保險(xiǎn)人或承保人保險(xiǎn)公司(Insurer)被保險(xiǎn)人或投保人要保人(Insured)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的貨幣計(jì)算(Insured Value)保險(xiǎn)金額是被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)際保金額, (insurable interest)原則投保人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的具有保險(xiǎn)利益。國際貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)要求在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生損失時(shí)必須具有保險(xiǎn)利益。(utmost good faith)原則雙方恪守信用,保險(xiǎn)人說明保險(xiǎn)條款內(nèi)容,投保人應(yīng)就重要事實(shí)的申報(bào)、保證。(indemnity)原則近因(proximate cause)原則保險(xiǎn)人只對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失之間有直接因果關(guān)系的損失負(fù)賠償責(zé)任,對(duì)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍外的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的損失,不承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。(Subrogation)原則當(dāng)損失是由于第三方造成,通常情況,保險(xiǎn)人向第三方追償或向保險(xiǎn)人追償,二選一。若先選擇向保險(xiǎn)人追償,則保險(xiǎn)人代被保險(xiǎn)人追償由于第三方對(duì)于保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的造成的損失的賠償(Share)原則重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)傇瓌t是指投保人向多個(gè)保險(xiǎn)人重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)時(shí),投保人的索賠只能在保險(xiǎn)人之間分?jǐn)?,賠償金額不得超過損失金額。海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(perils of the sea 外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(extraneous risks 實(shí)際全損(actual total loss)推定全損(constructive total loss)單獨(dú)海損(particular average)共同海損(general average)施救費(fèi)用(sue and labor expenses)救助費(fèi)用(salvage charges)水漬險(xiǎn)(with particular average, .)一切險(xiǎn)(all risks, (General Additional Insurance)特別附加險(xiǎn)(Special Additional Insurance)?平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一切險(xiǎn)的起止時(shí)間采用 “倉對(duì)倉條款”(warehouse to warehouse clause)W/W ? 保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)貨物所承擔(dān)的保險(xiǎn)期限為:從被保險(xiǎn)貨物遠(yuǎn)離保險(xiǎn)單上載明的起運(yùn)港(地)發(fā)貨人的倉庫開始,包括運(yùn)輸過程,一直到貨物運(yùn)達(dá)保險(xiǎn)單 載明的目的港(地)收貨人的倉庫為止。(A)險(xiǎn)條款I(lǐng)nstitute Cargo Clauses A ,簡(jiǎn)稱ICC(A)(B)險(xiǎn)條款I(lǐng)nstitute Cargo Clauses B, 簡(jiǎn)稱ICC(B 協(xié)會(huì)貨物(C)險(xiǎn)條款I(lǐng)nstitute Cargo Clauses C, 簡(jiǎn)稱ICC(C)(貨物)(Institute War ClausesCargo);(貨物)(Institute Strikes ClausesCargo);(Malicious Damage Clauses)承保范圍(risks covered)除外責(zé)任(exclusions)、保險(xiǎn)期限(duration)、索賠(claims)、保險(xiǎn)利益(benefit of delay)、減少損失(minimizing losses)、防止延遲(avoidance of delay)法律慣例(law and practice)。? Insurance policy