【正文】 y 人力資本human capital 航空和航天工業(yè)aerospace industry 飛機(jī)制造工業(yè)aircraft industry 電子工業(yè) electronic industry 汽車制造工業(yè) car industry 娛樂(lè)業(yè) entertainment industry 信息產(chǎn)業(yè) information industry 知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) knowledgeintensive industry 國(guó)有大中型企業(yè) large and mediumsized stateowned enterprises[在此處鍵入]輕工業(yè) light industry 博彩業(yè) lottery industry 制造業(yè) manufacturing industry 壟斷行業(yè) monopoly industries 市場(chǎng)多元化 market diversification 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) market economy 市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管 market supervision 購(gòu)買力 purchasing power 牛市 bull market 城鎮(zhèn)化 urbanization 房地產(chǎn) real estate 首付 downpayment 業(yè)主 home owner 個(gè)人購(gòu)房貸款 individual housing loan 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zones(SEZ)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) economic growth 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 關(guān)稅tariff 納稅人tax payer 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)macro economy 貨幣投放量 the size of money supply 流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩excess liquidity 經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱 overheated economy 通貨膨脹inflation 抑制通貨膨脹curb inflation 注入流動(dòng)性 to inject liquidity 貼現(xiàn)率 discount rate 存款準(zhǔn)備金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù) open market operation(OMO)逆回購(gòu) reverse repurchase agreement。第一篇：四級(jí)翻譯專有名詞匯總..[在此處鍵入]四級(jí)翻譯專有名詞匯總京劇 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kung Fu 太極Tai Chi口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戲puppet show 皮影戲 shadow play折子戲 opera highlights 雜技 acrobatics相聲 witty dialogue edy 刺繡 embroidery蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 書法 calligraphy中國(guó)畫 traditional Chinese painting 水墨畫 Chinese brush painting 中國(guó)結(jié) Chinese knot 中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火藥 gunpowder 印刷術(shù)printing 造紙術(shù) papermaking 指南針 the pass 青銅器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain。enterprise image 跨國(guó)公司 crossnational corporation 創(chuàng)業(yè)精神 enterprising spirit。?請(qǐng)郵寄貴方目錄本、價(jià)目表以及能提供的各種樣品，同時(shí)也請(qǐng)告知貴公司與其它公司做貿(mào)易所采用的付款方式。謹(jǐn)啟 Dear Sirs:Thank you for your inquiry of on wool materialAs requested, we have already sent you the illustrated brochures, price list and sample by airmail.? Concerning the terms of payment , our usual practice is confirmed，irrevocable letter of credit（L/C).Over the years, our wool material has the high reputation of good quality and reasonable prices in the world believe that our products will help you to expand look forward to your early faithfully，? Four ponents in a standard format of a price:? A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP(貨幣代碼）? A number indicating（表示）the price unit ? A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set ? A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF ? Examples: ? ? FOB Guangzhou ? Cost of production（生產(chǎn)成本）? Direct cost（直接成本）: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.? Administrative costs: overhead經(jīng)常費(fèi)用 ? Cost of sales ? Marketing costs: advertising, sales trip expenses, missions，intermediary services? Cost of delivery ? Warehousing and transporting charge, insurance premium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi), taxes稅收and tariffs征收關(guān)稅, customs duties（進(jìn)口稅）? Anticipated profit margin（預(yù)期利潤(rùn)率）? in an absolute number ? in a percentage → profit margin ? Capability of target market（目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)潛力）? Referring to the consumption power（消費(fèi)能力）, ine level, supply and demand relationship需求關(guān)系The higher the capital ine of the target market, the higher the price ? Payment terms（付款條件）? The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment ? Other factors to be considered? foreign exchange rates? international market price for similar products policies and regulations規(guī)章制度 in a particular ? If FOB price is available– CFR = FOB + Ocean Freight ?? ? Ocean freight（海洋運(yùn)費(fèi)）– Provided by shipping lines（航運(yùn)公司）– Quoted as packaged price（組合價(jià)格）– Others like “additionals” and “surcharges”（附加費(fèi)）– CIF If FOB price is available = FOB + Ocean Freight + Insurance Premium If CFR price is available – CIF = CFR + Insurance Premium Calculation of Insurance Premium(I)– Based on contract value/invoice value + – A markup（上浮，漲價(jià)幅度）(normally 10%)to cover incidental costs（雜費(fèi)）– Formula: I = CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率）Therefore – CIF = CFR + CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)or – CIF = CFR /(1 – 110% x R)Conversion of FOB to other prices CFR = FOB + F – CIF =(FOB + F)/ [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CFR to other prices – FOB = CFR – F – CIF = CFR / [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CIF to other prices – FOB = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] – F – CFR = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] Net price（凈價(jià)，實(shí)價(jià)）= basic costs + profit Commission – An incentive payment made to the middlepersons for their intermediary services – Expressed in a fixed figure or in a percentage – Examples ? CFR London GBP100 per doz, including 2% mission ? USD200 per M/T CIFC2% London ? CIFC3 Hamburg USD100/set ?? ? ?? ?Two ways of calculating計(jì)算 mission – based on invoice/contract value? C = contract value x C rate – based on FOB or FCA:? Under such terms as CFR, CIF, C is calculated before F（freight)and I(insurance)are deducted ? Formula:– C = price including C(FOB/FCA)x C rate– Net price = price including C(FOB/FCA)– C= price including C x(1C rate)– Price including C(FOB/FCA)= net price /(1C rate)– allocation cost分?jǐn)偝杀?? –fixed cost固定成本 –overhead管理經(jīng)費(fèi)– insurance premium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)–tariff關(guān)稅–outlet甩賣,工廠清倉(cāng) –Factory price出廠價(jià)– Consumption power消費(fèi)能力– Per capita ine個(gè)人平均收入– segment市場(chǎng)細(xì)分 – Production cost生產(chǎn)成本 – Marketing strategy營(yíng)銷策略– Sales cost銷售成本– Delivery cost運(yùn)送成本– Financing cost融資成本 – anticipated profit預(yù)期利潤(rùn)– terms of payment付款方式– costplus pricing成本加成定價(jià)法 – marginal cost pricing邊際成本定價(jià)法 – buyer based pricing買方價(jià)值定價(jià)法 petition based pricing 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)定價(jià)法 export profit margin28 出口盈虧率export cost for foreign exchang出口換匯成本breakeven point 盈虧平衡點(diǎn)Local currency 本幣? markup 加價(jià)，上浮? Face value 票面值，表面價(jià)值 ? premium rate 保險(xiǎn)率 ?net price凈價(jià) ?mission 傭金 ?discount折扣? Exchange rate 匯率Final price最終價(jià)格 ?total price總價(jià)? unfixed price 非固定價(jià)money of account 計(jì)價(jià)貨幣 ?initial pric 最初價(jià)格? Money of payment支付貨幣 ? Unit price 單價(jià)? Price adjustment clause 價(jià)格調(diào)整條款? Price including mission 含傭價(jià) ? rebate 減免、退款? wage index工資指數(shù)? 出現(xiàn)下列一類的詞句者，皆為虛盤: ?Subject to prior 。1%，合同價(jià)格177。doz.? 罐can? 桶drum or barrel ? 套set ? 盒box? 袋sack or bag? 瓶bottle ? 簍/筐basket? 羅gross。如，小麥、玉米；煤油、汽油，酒精、啤酒、雙氧水、天然瓦斯等。國(guó)際貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)要求在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生損失時(shí)必須具有保險(xiǎn)利