【導(dǎo)讀】習(xí)語是語言中非常重要的一部分，每種語言都擁有自己豐富多彩的習(xí)語。漢語與英語也不例外。習(xí)語能用一個簡單的方式來表達(dá)一個很豐富生動的意義，有。很強的民族性、歷史性和地方色彩。去解釋，這使習(xí)語的翻譯非常困難。通過分析英漢習(xí)語,本文從目的論的角度出發(fā)，并作為翻譯的目的，是在20世紀(jì)70年代由漢斯·費爾梅引進(jìn)的。是一種行為，一種跨文化的交際行為。目的論遵循的首要法則是目的法則，譯文的。交際目的才是最重要的。本文試圖分析英語習(xí)語和漢語成語之間的相似和差異，并。法包括直譯，直譯加注，意譯，意譯加注，直譯加意譯。

　　

【正文】 Translation When there exist dissimilarities or great difference between English idioms and Chinese idioms in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure, and we cannot find equivalence in Chinese idioms or cannot explain the English in literal translation, we should adopt liberal translation. For instance: The teenagers do not invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket ( A: 青年們不邀請 Bob參加他們的聚會 ， 因為他是個掃興的人。 B: 青年們不邀請 Bob參加他們的聚會，因為他是塊濕地毯 ) . Compare the two versions A and B. Version A employed liberal translation, and version B used literal translation. According to the sentence meaning, we know version A is more suitable. It expresses the logical reason that the teenagers do not invite Bob, but version B makes Chinese readers confused. “濕地毯 ”this version has no link with the reason of the original logically. It belongs to stiff translation in Chinese. The version seems to keep the original but in fact not only does not express the spirit of the English idiom, but also produces unreasonable Chinese expression, which makes readers have a muddled idea. Look at other examples in the following: pass the buck (推卸責(zé)任 ) , play possum (裝死 ， 裝睡 ) , no room to swing a cat (地方狹小 ) , pay through the nose (付出高價 ) , a pretty kettle of fish (糟糕透頂 ) , keep the pot boiling (掙錢糊口 ) , bend an ear to (聚精會神地聽 , 傾聽 ) , a skeleton at the feast (掃興的人或者東西 ) , get cold feet (開始感到懷疑、膽怯或者害怕 ) , make a monkey (愚弄 ) , to be full of beans (精神旺盛 ， 精力充沛 ) , hang on somebody? s sleeve (依賴某人 ， 任某人做主 ) , hang on somebody? s lips (對某人言聽計從 ) , every man has a fool in his sleeve (人人都有糊涂的時候 ) , when Greek meets Greek then es the tug of war (兩雄相爭 ， 其斗必烈 ) . Employing liberal translation mainly sends the basic meaning of English idioms and 13 in the process of liberal translation, the cultural information or metaphor image is often omitted. Sometimes it is really a pity. Besides, there are some English idioms that have similar meaning with some Chinese idioms. They may employ different images or different elements to express the same meaning. In this case, we can also employ liberal translation. For instance: as close as oyster (守口如瓶 ) , like a drowned rat (像落湯雞 ) ,as timid as a rabbit （ 膽小如鼠 ） ,put the cart before the horse (本末倒置 ) ,ins and outs (來龍去脈 ) ,between the devil and the deep blue sea (進(jìn)退維谷 ) . Liberal Translation with Notes As mentioned in , liberal translation sometimes cannot transfer English cultural information effectively. For sake of improving the sending of original meaning of background and allusions, the translators usually adopt liberal translation with notes. For example: I hope the weather stays fine for tomorrow?s game. We must just keep our fingers crossed.（ A： 我希望明天比賽時天氣能保持晴朗 ， 我們只得祈求好運了。 B：我希望明天比賽時天氣能保持晴朗，我們只得交叉我們的手指了 。 C：我希望明天比賽時天氣能保持晴朗，我們只得祈求好運了 —西方迷信，指交叉一只手的兩個手指以祈求好運。 ） Let us examine these three versions。 we could find version C is the most preferable. Version B expresses the literal meaning, and makes readers confused. Version B has no connection with the context. Version A would make readers know the explanation of the idiom, but do not know why. Only version C solves this problem, making the readers know the spirit of this idiom as well as the source. The following example dealt with in this way would make the readers get a better understanding about English idioms from another background. Just in the middle of the chess, he had to throw up the sponge. 譯：棋下到中盤他只好投子認(rèn)輸 .。 (注： 。它還有個用途那就是：在比賽中，當(dāng)一方遭到對手的沉重打擊，眼看就要被擊倒的時候，他的教練或副手就把海綿往空中一擲，或是投入拳擊場，作為裁判承認(rèn)失敗的 14 一種方式。 ) From the note , the readers understand why “throw up the sponge” is translated into “認(rèn)輸 ” in Chinese without any doubts. Literal Translation plus Liberal Translation Literal translation will decrease the readability of the version sometimes, and liberal translation will often change the faithfulness of English idioms. In order to overe this trouble, we can employ literal translation plus liberal translation. For example: play Cupid ( 扮演丘比特 ， 當(dāng)媒人 ) , aladdin?s cave ( 阿拉丁的寶洞 ， 財富的源泉 ) , skeleton in the cupboard ( 衣櫥里的骷髏 ， 家丑 ) ,widow?s cruse ( 寡婦的壇子 ， 取之不盡的源泉 ) , pull someone?s chestnuts out of fire ( 為某人火中取栗 ， 替人冒險 ) , to carry coals to Newcastle ( 運煤到紐卡斯?fàn)?， 多此一舉 ) , as grave as an owl ( 擺出一副嚴(yán)肅的樣子 ， 板起面孔 ) , hang in the wind ( 注意未定 ) , cast pearls to the swine ( 把珍珠扔在豬面前 ， 對牛彈琴 ) , serve somebody with the same sauce ( 以其人之道 ， 還治其人之身 ) , there are no birds of this year in last year?s nest ( 去年的巢里找不到今年的鳥 ， 事過境遷 ) . 15 Chapter Four Conclusion “Idiom” is “a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words”. It includes phrases, proverbs, literary quotations, colloquialisms and slang expressions. Idiom is a very important part of vocabulary, and every language has its own rich and colorful idioms. Britain and China are no exceptions. English idioms and Chinese idioms have the similarities as well as the differences. They have the same basic moral concepts and value viewpoint. Both English idioms and Chinese idioms have such origins as 1) The Experience of the Common People。 2) Myths and Fables。 3) Historical Events and Anecdotes。 4) Classical Literary Works。 5) Social Customs and Habits. Both English idioms and Chinese idioms have such features as 1) Fixed Structure。 2) Abundant Connotation 3) Distinct Cultural Feature. Both English idioms and Chinese idioms have the same Classifications . In spite of all the similarities, English idioms and Chinese idioms are different on Metaphor, Customs, and Environment. After analyzing the relations between English idioms and Chinese idioms and their features, this paper tries to give some practical methods on the translation from English idioms to Chinese idioms from the perspective of S