【正文】 each device is relatively ，就是要設(shè)計(jì)一層或兩層的金屬互連線。集成電路的制造流程分為七個(gè)步驟（或更多），除去最后一步“金屬化”(metallization)之外，其他步驟都可以提前完成。由于門陣列可以大量生產(chǎn)，所以單個(gè)器件成本就比較低。 layer munications : FPGAs have long used to implement the glue logic that interfaces between physical layer munication chips and highlevel networking protocol fact that today39。s highend FPGAs can contain multiple highspeed transceivers means that munications and networking functions can be consolidated into a single ：長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，F(xiàn)PGA用于實(shí)現(xiàn)通信芯片和高級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議之間的“膠連”邏輯。實(shí)際上，今 2天的高端FPGA可以容納多個(gè)高速無(wú)線收發(fā)器——即可將通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能固化于單個(gè)器件中。 of the most important applications of VHDL is to capture the performance specification for a circuit , in the form of what is monly referred to as a test benches are VHDL descriptions of circuit stimuli and corresponding expected outputs that verify the behavior of a circuit over benches should be an integral part of any VHDL project and should be created in tandem with other descriptions of the “測(cè)試平臺(tái)”（test bench）的形式記錄電路的性能指標(biāo)?！皽y(cè)試平臺(tái)”是驗(yàn)證電路時(shí)域行為的激勵(lì)源及相應(yīng)期望輸出的VHDL描述。在VHDL工程項(xiàng)目中，“測(cè)試平臺(tái)”是必不可少的，應(yīng)該和其他電路描述一同創(chuàng)建。 digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog may be easier and cost effective to process these signals in the digital the real world ,we can convert these signals into digital signals through the analogtodigital converter ,process the signals,and if needed ,bring the signals back out to the analog world through the digitaltoanalog 。在數(shù)字世界里，對(duì)這些信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理可能會(huì)更容易、成本更低。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中我們可以通過(guò)“模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換”將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號(hào)，然后對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理；如果需要的話，用“數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器”將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換回到模擬世界中去。 in mind that the distinction between DSPs and other microprocessors is not always a clear instance ,look at how Intel describes the MMX technology addition to its Pentium processor : “Intel engineers have added 57 powerful new instructions specifically designed to manipulate and process video，audio and graphical data instructions are oriented to the highly parallel , repetitive sequences often found in multimedia operations.”別忘了:DSPs和其他微處理器的界限并不是很清晰。例如，讓我們看一看inte是如何描述其奔騰處理器新增的MMX技術(shù)的：“為了高效操作和處理視頻、音頻和圖形數(shù)據(jù)，intel工程師新增了57條功能強(qiáng)大的指令。這些指令面向的是多媒體操作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的、高度并行和重復(fù)的程序?！?practical application , these are certainly many other factors to consider when evaluating analog versus digital filters ,or analog versus digital signal processing in modern signal processing systems use a bination of analog and digital techniques in order to acplish the desired function and take advantage of the best of both the analog and the digital ，在評(píng)價(jià)模擬濾波器和數(shù)字濾波器（或模擬信號(hào)處理和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理）的時(shí)候，坑定還要考慮許多其他因素。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)期望的功能和充分利用兩種技術(shù)各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)，多數(shù)現(xiàn)代信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)都采用了模擬技術(shù)和數(shù)字技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方式。 demand the utmost sound quality , and all that factors are treated as you had to describe the mindest in the world , it would be : than just matching the abilities of the human ear ,these systems are designed to exceed the limits of 39。s the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is audio was brought to the world by the pact laser disc, or was a revolution in music。the sound quality of the CD system far exceeds older systems, such as records and tapes高保真音響愛(ài)好者對(duì)聲音質(zhì)量的要求極高，所有其他因素都被視為次要的。假如要用一個(gè)詞來(lái)描述這種心理活動(dòng)的話，那就是“過(guò)分”。高保真音響系統(tǒng)不是設(shè)計(jì)得剛好滿足人類的聽覺(jué)需求，而是超越了人類的聽覺(jué)極限，這是唯一能夠確保再現(xiàn)音樂(lè)無(wú)任何失真的辦法。CD帶給世人數(shù)字音頻的享受。這是音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域里的巨大變化，CD系統(tǒng)的音質(zhì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了傳統(tǒng)的唱片磁帶。 the sample are processed in groups of 1152(about 26 msec worth).Each group is first passed through 32 digital filters to get 32 frequency the same time the input is fed into a psychoacoustic model in order to determine the masked each of the 32 frequency bands is further transformed to provide a finer spectral ，樣本以1152(約26ms)為一組進(jìn)行處理。每組樣本首先通過(guò)32個(gè)數(shù)字濾波器，從而得到32 3個(gè)頻帶。同時(shí)，輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)入心理聲學(xué)模型以決定被屏蔽的頻率。下一步，32頻帶中的每個(gè)頻帶中的每個(gè)頻率進(jìn)一步變換得到更好的頻譜分辨率。第五篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(電子信息與通信工程)Electroics電子學(xué)battery電池lSI大規(guī)模集成電路 ultraviolet紫外線radiation輻射LED發(fā)光二級(jí)管capacitor電容integratedcircuit集成電路 wireless telegraph無(wú)線電報(bào) passive devices無(wú)源器件 電流current二極管diodes半導(dǎo)體semiconductor真空管vacuum tube 印刷電路printed circuit 高清電視 high definition tv電阻器resistorAmpere 安培Conductivity傳導(dǎo)體 magnetic cor磁芯insulator絕緣體dielectric電解質(zhì)thevenin’s theore戴維定理negative termin負(fù)極charge電荷inductance感應(yīng)系數(shù) polarity極性電感inductor節(jié)點(diǎn)hode等效電阻equivalent resistance疊加定理superpower theoremSemiconductor半導(dǎo)體 number system計(jì)數(shù)制IC集成電路 mutative Law分配率 binary二進(jìn)制inverter交換器negative否認(rèn)的sequential時(shí)序的雙極型bipolar晶體管transistor N溝道N channel線性化line布爾代數(shù)boolean algera真值表the table解發(fā)器flipflop組合邏輯電路binationallogla circuit 積和式sumofproducts Parasitic capacitance寄生電容channel bandwidt通道帶寬halfduplex半雙工spurious frequenc寄生頻率 input match輸入匹配 tuning range調(diào)制范圍the baseband amplifier基帶放大器noise figure噪聲系數(shù) minimum detectable signal最小可檢測(cè)信號(hào)靈敏度sensitivity 諧波harmonics阻抗匹配impedance match 本機(jī)振蕩the local csillator 過(guò)載特性overload characteristics信道channel高斯白噪聲white aussian noise中頻inter medium基帶信號(hào)basebandsignal Signal and syste信號(hào)與系統(tǒng) aeronautics and astronautics航空航天continuoustime signals連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)signal energy and power信號(hào)與功能total energy總能量 plex number復(fù)數(shù) infinite time interval無(wú)限時(shí)間范圍average power平均能量 physical system物理系統(tǒng) automotive vehicl機(jī)動(dòng)車輛信號(hào)處理signal processing 電路設(shè)計(jì)circuit design離散時(shí)間信號(hào)discretetime signal非零常數(shù)nonzerv constant 獨(dú)立變量independent variables瞬時(shí)功率instaneous power 無(wú)限能量infinite energy相互作用的子系統(tǒng)interconnectionofsubsystems圖像增強(qiáng)imageenhancement