【導(dǎo)讀】Itis. thanmen?spositionasthe“secondsex”.Thatmeans

　　

【正文】 xperience, of the monplace and for the familiar and the low, even though the most representative writers of realism were William Dean Howells and Henry James, but we also could find the shadow of realism in Hawthorne?s scarlet letter. He lived in a transcendental period and his writing style is also influenced by the romanticism and realism. So we could also to see this work from the point view of realism, but what impressed us is the critical spirit. Women?s Lower Place at That Time Women?s place is often mentioned even in the modern society. The development of women?s rights is intimately related to feminism which we have discussed from the first part. God says every man equals when they are born. Maybe it is right as for the beginning of the world, but with the development of society, we can see the place of women is decline. They are more and more looked down upon by men and more controlled by them. They couldn?t go out for work, too many times outside is regarded as immoral and lack of learned. They must hide back the man and they have no choice to say “no” or “dislike” in their marriage. They must obey their parents. Hester Prynne is such a woman. She marries to a man not out love but need. At that time, love was not accepted by people. When Hester Prynne is putting on the streets, women are just gossiping one to another. They look down upon her and mock her. Women just have the right to gossip they have no choice to decide and this is a fact of that time. They just know to show their honesty and don?t understand Hester Prynne?s choice and her feeling. When a woman 濟(jì)寧學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 第 14 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) mits adultery, she would be put walking in the streets and accept criticize from all around. She lives with a bad fame and never be popular by her panies. This is not just punishment but also a woman?s sad. Just because there is punishment like this, women nearly dare not to break, to free themselves. They are afraid of punishment. Women have no free to meet with men, if they are caught to meet secretly, they will be treated as adultery. People regard honesty seriously especially women, the obligation of them is to take care of baby and do chores. Hester Prynne is punished because she breaks the tradition concept of women. But we should also admit one fact that the concept about has its historical background. People Rooted Thought of Original Sin. Some people think that people are original sin when they born, the reason to live is to beg for fiveness. They must go through different kinds of hardships, bear all sadness in order to be fiven, this is the basic concept of original sin. Nathaniel Hawthorn was born in a family which was very famous Puritan family before, he saw the sins of his ancestors bring hurt to him, so when he was very young, he understood original sins deeply. In this story, original sin is referred and his other famous works are related to the theme. Original sin is once populated among people especially the Puritan and it is one basic concept of Puritan. Many people are influenced by this thought. Hester Prynne mits sins, she should be punished to make up her mistakes because of her inappropriate actions and behaviors. When Hester Prynne is put on the street, nobody feels sympathy for her. They just talk her ashamed behaviors. She wears clothes with letter ?A? living。 they gossip from her back, they hate her from their deep heart. Even she needs help, nobody is willing to offer help to her. She lives with her daughter hard but peacefully, neighbors are far away from them. They think she does something wrong, so she must accept punishment, these all e from their concept of original sin. What most expressed their concept of original sin is the life of Pearl. 濟(jì)寧學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 第 15 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) Nobody denies Pearl is a real innocent girl, but she has a mother who did something immoral, so she must also be punished. She has a different life with other children。 she has no friends because nobody really has the desire to play with her. Maybe their parents have told them everything about her mother, so they are far away from her. Pearl has an abnormal childhood, other children live with their parents but she just sees her mother every day, she never get the love from father, so when Arthur Dimmesdale meets her, she wants he could stay with them, there is a good description of the meet between Pearl and Arthur Dimmesdale. “Minister!” whispered little Pearl. “What wouldst thou say, child?” asked Mr. Dimmesdale. “Wilt thou stand here with mother and me, tomorrow noontide?” inquired Pearl “Nay。 not so, my little Pearl!” answered the minister。 for, with the new energy of the moment, all the dread of public exposure, that had so long been the anguish of his life, had returned upon him, and he was already trembling at the conjunction in which with a strange joy, neverthelesshe now found himself “Not so, my child, I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and one other day, but not tomorrow!” Pearl laughed, and attempted to pull away her hand, but the minister held it fast. “A moment longer, my child!”Said he. “But wilt thou promise?” asked Pearl, to take my hand, and mother?s hand, tomorrow noontide?” “Not then, Pearl” said the minister,” but another time!” “And what the other time?” persisted the child.(Fang Xingfu:46) These are the best expressions of Pearl?s deep heart. She needs a man to stand with her and her mother, so when he tells her he will stand with them, she 濟(jì)寧學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 第 16 頁(yè) 共 21 頁(yè) shows excitement, and this is a kind of need, a need for father?s love which she never felt before. Pearl?s abnormal childhood is the result of her mother?s sins., everyman around them thinks so, so they don?t treat the girl as their daughter, they treat her as the product of sin. Original sin thinks that one?s bad beha