【導讀】本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計。年級專業(yè)10級英語。完成日期2021年4月。在英語和漢語中存在著豐富的顏色詞如紅色黃色藍色在這篇文章中。通過研究所獲材料中的例子我嘗試著對英漢紅色詞義進行了對比分析。本文分為三個部分在第一章中我談到了顏色詞與認知和文化的關(guān)系在第二。知以及文化的角度闡釋了導致這些紅色詞語在中英文里語義相似和不同的原因。通過對中英文中紅色詞義的對比研究我揭示出紅色詞語在中英文里的三種。對應(yīng)關(guān)系這三種對應(yīng)關(guān)系表明在英漢兩種語言里紅色詞語的語義確實存在著相。似性和差異性而這些相似性和差異性都源于認知的基礎(chǔ)和文化的影響

　　

【正文】 are grounded so deeply in mon human experience that we seldom pay special attention to them when we use the associative meaning of colour terms In addition to the perceptual basis color terms are deeply rooted in their cultural basis This is well summarized as follows In other words what we call direct physical experience is never a matter of having a body of a certain sort rather every experience takes place within a vast background of cultural presuppositions Cultural assumptions values and attitudes are not a conceptual overlay which we may or may not place upon experience as we choose It would be more correct to say that all experience is cultural through and through that we experience our world in such a way that our culture is already present in the very experience itself Lakoff and Johnson 1980 57 It is known that bullfighters in Spain use a piece of red rag to exasperate bulls to wage a war for bullfighting is a tradition in western countries and bulls are apt to get angry when they see something red So people use like a red rag to a bull to express ones anger Its also a colour for danger The western people relate red to blood They associate red with violence and danger On calendars we can find that holidays are printed in red while ordinary days are in black Thats the same in two countries Also according to Kovecses 2021 165 one language could borrow something from another Like 紅燈區(qū) 赤字 they are translations from their English equivalents redlight district in the red And the use of red in in the red es from the color of the ink used in keeping accounts So due to the influence of cognitive accordance of people and the mutual peration of culture we have those similarities 42 Reasons for the semantic differences of red in English and Chinese On the other hand people tend to have different views and understanding of the same object because of the diversity of political rules religious beliefs ethics and values of different nations Every nation has its own ethnic psychology Culture has been a very important source for constructing connotative meanings of colour terms in English and Chinese Thus it leads to cultural difference between source language and target language of colour terms that is to say the nonequivalence reflected in their connotative meaning social meaning affective meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning and thematic meaning Chinese philosophy focuses on emptiness while western culture pursues entity Chinese culture pays attention to likeness in nature while western culture is fastidious about science and preciseness This kind of cultural characteristic is also reflected in the use of colour terms For example Chinese colour term 碧 can be explained as 綠 or 藍 Sometimes people of different nations use different colour terms to describe the colour of the same objects For example brown sugar is translated into 紅糖 in Chinese This exactly embodies the great importance of red in Chinese culture In addition brown sugar is good for ones health so it is mended as 紅糖 In fact the colour of this kind of sugar is closer to brown Its being called brown sugar in English is more precise Black tea is translated into 紅茶 In fact the colour of this kind of tea is closer to black But we call it 紅茶 matching it with green tea These two tea names fully embody the language tradition in which Chinese culture is fastidious about symmetric beauty Thus we can see that for Chinese the use of colour terms is apt to be vague to be opaquehowever for English the use of colour terms is apt to be precise to be real It is the result of cultural difference Difference in aesthetic habit Chinese people prefer red while English people prefer white This kind of difference in aesthetic habit causes the difference in pragmatic meaning Red is associated with happy occasions harvest etc Because of this in China men of letters in ancient times and today prefer to use red to symbolize hospitality warmth energy and youth It can be seen from the following examples 11 霜葉紅于二月花杜牧 12 紅杏枝頭春意鬧宋祈 13 日出江花紅勝火春來江水綠如藍白居易 14 試問卷簾人卻道海棠依舊知否知否應(yīng)是綠肥紅瘦 15 落紅不是無情物化作春泥更護花龔自珍 In Example 11 and Example 12 two poets use 紅 to describe the colour of leaves and apricots respectively In Example 13 the poet uses 紅 to symbolize the red flowers near the bank reflected by the first rays of the morning sun He uses 綠 to symbolize a pool of green water blown by the breeze in spring Such a vivid metaphor brings the spectacular scenery to us readers 綠肥紅瘦 in Example 14 means green leaves are fresh but the red flowers are fading 落紅 in Example 15 refers to fallen flowers The importance the colour terms have in literary works cant be underestimated The appropriate usage of colour terms is for more efficient expression of contexts In ancient Chinese literary works 紅男綠女 is often used to describe young and beautiful women and handsome men so what we just need to do is to translate it into gaily dressed men and women Although red is also used for celebrating events in English there are still many phrases related to red that are derogatory such as redhanded 當場抓獲 redtape 官僚作風 redblooded 狂熱固執(zhí) see red 怒不可遏 into the red 每況愈下的經(jīng)營狀況 in the red 負債累累 All these Chinese equivalents have nothing to do with the conceptual meaning of red at all Red flag in China is a revolutionary and positive symbol but in English it refers to something that will make you angry We can see it in to wave a red flag which I have mentioned above The positive meaning of red is abundant in Chinese 紅 in Chinese has the meaning of happiness while in English people prefer to use white to express this meaning White in English is associated with beauty hope bless and happiness In the Bible angels always have a pair of white wings with a white halo suspendin