【正文】 alayasl海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞l國(guó)名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom l某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名the British Museuml由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報(bào)刊雜志名the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 , 機(jī)場(chǎng), 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London BridgeYale University, Cambridge University Day, May Day, News Years’ Day Time, Reader’s Digest Water boils at 100 can not live without is is difficult to to do 用法Used to do 表示過(guò)去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’, save, very/too, 比較狀語(yǔ)從句（見復(fù)合句比較狀語(yǔ)從句）A/one的區(qū)別 Passed/past, next/other 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): is/am/are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí): was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí): had been done 一般將來(lái)時(shí): will be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): would be done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)+謂語(yǔ)(感官動(dòng)詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do So+adj./+：so manywill/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說(shuō)話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求, , solid/firm/stableHold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當(dāng)心), look up(查詢,), look (拜訪某人) if /though+虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 過(guò)去完成時(shí)總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣He looks as if he were a skin feels as if it were song sounds as if it were a sad looked as if he had never lived in sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用I had no sooner e into the room than it began to bell had no sooner rung than the game sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I e into the room than it began to sooner had the bell rung than it began to …when 幾乎沒來(lái)得及…就… 與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught had hardly finished the last question when the exam …when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught had I finished the last question when the exam , 口語(yǔ)中可以省略 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí), 一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí), 一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí), cancould, maymight, musthad to，thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, today, tonightthat day, that night, this weekthat week, yesterdaythe day before, the previous day, last weekthe week before, two days agotwo days before(earlier), tomorrowthe next(following)day, next weekthe following week, herethere, e, bringgo, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了， said she would e again said he arrived yesterday n特殊疑問句, 語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序 “Where are you going?” he asked me where I was , 要加if/whether“Will you e tomorrow?” he asked if I would e the next , 所使用的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother mother asked me to close the : advise, ask, beg, mand(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid, make/do對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測(cè)想象的結(jié)果 結(jié)構(gòu): 主句用過(guò)去時(shí), 從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)If you came here earlier, you would catch the you spent more time on studying, you would get better I were you, I would accept this : 如果if從句中的動(dòng)詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞后用make conversation(聊天), make the bed(鋪床), make a promise(許諾), make trouble(找麻煩), make progress(取得進(jìn)步), make money(賺錢), make a speech(演講,講話), make mistakes(犯錯(cuò)誤), make up one’s mind(下定決心)do one’s best(盡最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作業(yè)), do a few jobs(做家務(wù)), do favour(幫忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做練習(xí)), do shopping(購(gòu)物), do business(做生意), must, have to 一般作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用l需要某物He needs a he need a hat? l需要做某事need to doI need to have a need to finish your …,主語(yǔ)與need 后的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be ’t(不必要), 可以用來(lái)回答含有must, have to 的一般疑問句, 與don’t have to 同義Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’ 完成式needn’t have done’t 表示不應(yīng)該,一般口氣比較強(qiáng)硬, mustn’t get up , notice 用法總結(jié)have a ride(騎), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(嘗試), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸煙), have a good sleep(睡覺)Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,學(xué)習(xí),找到), pick out(挑出), 表示可能性If you want, I can go with , 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)中，在將來(lái)時(shí)中要用will be able to Look!He can stand on his able to, 表示某動(dòng)作沒有成功用couldn’tCan he borrow a book successfully?Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his , he couldn’ 詞組At first(開始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(無(wú)論如何), at heart(本質(zhì)上), at least(至少), at times(不時(shí)), at a loss(不知所措),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ), 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on ,所表達(dá)的意思沒有區(qū)別,常見的詞: start, begin, continue, delay, mean， like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some Steal/rob, pay backSteal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其賓語(yǔ)一般為物品 rob表示搶劫,其賓語(yǔ)一般是人或者某個(gè)處所 pay back 還錢, 報(bào)復(fù) suggest 用法, 當(dāng)建議用時(shí)后面加虛擬should +動(dòng)詞原形, should Summary of Unit ： u用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句：現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。u用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，用語(yǔ)較正式的文體，代替被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，Wounded in the war, his are can not move in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of ，不定式表示目的：To buy a new car, the young man saved up for went into the garden to pick some ：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同謂語(yǔ)從句），關(guān)系從句（定語(yǔ)從句），狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，方式，目的，結(jié)果，比較，讓步）： lose/loose/miss expect/wait for： raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win 形容詞變副詞： 1．直接在形容詞后加ly，carefulcarefully, slowslowly，2． 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加ly, happyhappily, luckyluckily3． 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化 fast, hard, late4． 有些詞加上ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)： nearnearly, highhighly, latelately，：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall, any的用法nsome, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用somenmany修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, have a lot of don’t have much 當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞在詞組中表示主要目的時(shí)不要定冠詞：in bed, at church, at class, college, hospital, market, prison, school, sea, university，go to school/church/work/ go to the cinema/theatrenmost表示大多數(shù)或非常：Most students came to class are most most是many/much的比較級(jí)，或者構(gòu)成形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)，只能表示最多或用在形容詞或副詞前面，This is the mo