【正文】 on’s waiting room, the university’s library 4． 車，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the puter’s harddisk 5． 專有結(jié)構(gòu)：at one’s wit’s end, 6． 價(jià)值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 時(shí)間：in twenty minutes’ time ： ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of （一）如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞u時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí)be going to——was/were going to/would cancould maymightu時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… u人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/desk afford：主句用將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“能夠”，“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care of remind/rememberone/you可以指任何人：One must never tell must never tell ： must/have toas作為介詞，以…身份，與like相同as作為連詞，因?yàn)椋?dāng)。時(shí)候，以。方式，如同。那樣 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besidesmight as well表示“還是。的好”，“還不如。” He will never might as well give ： 動(dòng)名詞 1． 動(dòng)詞的ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞可以做主語，標(biāo)語，賓語，介詞賓語定語（即復(fù)合名詞）2． 動(dòng)名詞的幾種形式：主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done：Finding work is difficult TV is my favorite ：My main hobby is of her duties is growing job is ：I like taking with famous enjoy learning flowers need ：He is fond of watching football went away without saying a （注意總結(jié)）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in，：waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機(jī))，parking slot…： 在動(dòng)名詞前面加not，I am sorry for not asking , excited/exciting, amused/amusing （二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house：見書 there be句型it做為虛主語可以用來表示時(shí)間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個(gè)句子或不定式。 of Unit two 我們可以將幾個(gè)簡單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also主謂一致:u當(dāng)主語由and , both…and 連接時(shí), the girls and the boy are his … nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英語語法中， he nor I am going to the only Mary but also her parents have gone ,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,:appear(看起來), appreciate(鑒賞), believe(相信), feel(感覺到), forget(忘記), hear(聽見), know(知道), like(喜歡), look like(看起來像), notice(注意到), remember(記得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(認(rèn)為), understand(理解), have(擁有),love(愛), seem(看起來), show(顯示), mind(介意), sound(聽起來), hate(討厭), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲)，引號(hào):n引號(hào)位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào), 如逗號(hào),句號(hào), asked, 等詞后面用逗號(hào), asked等詞置于引語之間時(shí), 常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞在英語里約有300多個(gè)put up(搭建), put out(撲滅), put on(穿上), put (為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄寫), put off(推遲), put away(放好，放到一邊去)(見復(fù)合句部分)l與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞:yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never，so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), up to now(直到現(xiàn)在), since(自從), for a long time(很長時(shí)間), in the past/in the last few years(在過去的幾年里), these days(目前)，l某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)作開始變終止的動(dòng)詞), 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語搭配:例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 這些動(dòng)詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),， has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)has gone to(去了某地,指人還在那里), have been to(去過某地, 人已經(jīng)不在那里了)。,現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 定冠詞用法(1)特指(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞 l河流the yellow river l山脈the Alps, the Himalayasl海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞l國名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom l某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名the British Museuml由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報(bào)刊雜志名the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 , 機(jī)場, 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London BridgeYale University, Cambridge University Day, May Day, News Years’ Day Time, Reader’s Digest Water boils at 100 can not live without is is difficult to to do 用法Used to do 表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’, save, very/too, 比較狀語從句（見復(fù)合句比較狀語從句）A/one的區(qū)別 Passed/past, next/other 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): is/am/are done 一般過去時(shí): was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has been done 過去完成時(shí): had been done 一般將來時(shí): will be done 過去將來時(shí): would be done過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)+謂語(感官動(dòng)詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do So+adj./+：so manywill/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請求, , solid/firm/stableHold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當(dāng)心), look up(查詢,), look (拜訪某人) if /though+虛擬語氣, 過去完成時(shí)總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語氣He looks as if he were a skin feels as if it were song sounds as if it were a sad looked as if he had never lived in sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用I had no sooner e into the room than it began to bell had no sooner rung than the game sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I e into the room than it began to sooner had the bell rung than it began to …when 幾乎沒來得及…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught had hardly finished the last question when the exam …when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught had I finished the last question when the exam , 口語中可以省略 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí), 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí), 一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí), cancould, maymight, musthad to，thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, today, tonightthat day, that night, this weekthat week, yesterdaythe day before, the previous day, last weekthe week before, two days agotwo days before(earlier), tomorrowthe next(following)day, next weekthe following week, herethere, e, bringgo, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了， said she would e again said he arrived yesterday n特殊疑問句, 語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序 “Where are you going?” he asked me where I was , 要加if/whether“Will you e tomorrow?” he asked if I would e the next , 所使用的