【正文】 式作主語(yǔ)常用it作其形式主語(yǔ)，但no use, no good作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，真正主語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞。：(1)有些動(dòng)詞只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些動(dòng)詞只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。(3)remember, forget, regret后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別：后接動(dòng)名詞表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；后接不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。(4)want, need, require和deserve后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的用法：當(dāng)它們后面所接的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, can39。t help后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同，要注意： try doing try to do stop doing stop to do mean doing mean to do go on doing go on to do can39。t help doing can39。t help(to)do ：例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.(2011重慶卷33) remind 例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011浙江卷14) lose lost 熟悉并掌握哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等須接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如find, suggest, lead to等可接動(dòng)詞的173。ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接動(dòng)詞的173。ing形式又可接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；何時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，何時(shí)用被動(dòng)形式或過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一般由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定。：例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, immediately rushed home from his office.(2011江西卷32) say 例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011福建卷23) be founded(1)注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，不定式作定語(yǔ)一般用主動(dòng)式，只有當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，才用被動(dòng)式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)意義，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)、完成含義。(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的173。ing形式或過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)，與修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)詞后面的介詞不能丟。：不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都能表示結(jié)果，其區(qū)別是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不定式前常用only修飾；而動(dòng)詞的173。ing形式表示自然或必然的結(jié)果。More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011陜西卷20) make made , watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的to不能省略。, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot(help / choose)but等后須跟省to的不定式。, except等前若有行為動(dòng)詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)；若沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。，若主語(yǔ)中有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某一形式時(shí)，不定式的to可有可無(wú)。例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his help 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)形式有： 1．“with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”。The man was walking on the street, with a book under his .“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞”。He likes to sleep with the door .“with+名詞/代詞+副詞”。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights .“with+名詞/代詞+名詞”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless .“with+名詞/代詞+done”。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞和賓語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。With the problem solved, he went out to .“with+名詞/代詞+173。ing分詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞是173。ing分詞的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或某動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)正在進(jìn)行。He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at .“with+賓語(yǔ)+to do”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和賓語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。With nothing to do, I39。ll go out for a walk in the park.（三）方法列舉（List methods）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都有哪些易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)？ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)盲點(diǎn)一：不定式(to do)，現(xiàn)在分詞(ving)和過(guò)去分詞(ved)做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 【真題導(dǎo)航】 be held We are invited to a party ____in our club next Friday（2009山東）. held We are invited to a party _____in our club are invited to a party _________in our club be held 盲點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)形式(to do)和被動(dòng)形式(to be done)做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 技巧點(diǎn)撥：關(guān)鍵看不定式的動(dòng)作是否由句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)完成的。注意：動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)形式(to do)做定語(yǔ)是高考的?？键c(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)盲點(diǎn)三：to do 做目的狀語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞(ving)做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 解題支招 ： to do 做目的狀語(yǔ)不能用逗號(hào)和前面隔開(kāi)?！鞠葳孱}】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers, almost three times the number hired last have helped help helped 盲點(diǎn)四：分詞的一般式（ving）和完成式（having done）用法區(qū)別（2005全國(guó)卷I） cause caused 【姊妹題】It rained heavily in the south, ____serious flooding in several provinces.(2010天津) caused cause 方法點(diǎn)撥：方法一：判斷分詞動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前后順序 方法二：狀語(yǔ)從句還原法 【練一練】___________________（bite）twice, the postman refused to deliver our held year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江蘇）The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this unless we chained our dog.(2009北京）=Because the postman had been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our ：only +to do 做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞（ving）做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。小結(jié) ：only+ to do表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞（doing)表示意料之中的結(jié)果。盲點(diǎn)六：分詞作狀語(yǔ)和獨(dú)立主格的區(qū)別：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：用分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則，就應(yīng)使用狀語(yǔ)從句，或者調(diào)整句子的主語(yǔ)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。（１）Given more help, the project will be pleted : If we are given more help, the project will be pleted earlier.(狀語(yǔ)從句)Given more help, we will plete the project earlier.（調(diào)整主語(yǔ)）Broken his leg, he couldn’t go to : His leg broken, he couldn’t go to school.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）He couldn’t go to school with his leg broken.（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）不定式常作目的狀語(yǔ)，分詞常作其他狀語(yǔ)，它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。 from the top of the hill, the park looks very knowing her address, so I can’t get in touch with dark, she didn’t dare to go out ：將下列句子變?yōu)楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.=______________________, we put ourselves up in a small all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.=___________________________, they began their ：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式小結(jié)：not和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用，要放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。即：not to do。not doing。not done (to do)，現(xiàn)在分詞(ving)和過(guò)去分詞(ved)做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 不定式表將來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成。(to do)和被動(dòng)形式(to be done)。 do 做目的狀語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞(ving)做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：to do 做目的狀語(yǔ)不能用逗號(hào)和前面隔開(kāi)。（ving）和完成式（having done）用法區(qū)別方法一：判斷分詞動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前后順序 方法二：狀語(yǔ)從句還原法 +to do 做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞（ving）做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。only+ to do表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞（doing)表示意料之中的結(jié)果。not和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用，要放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。即：not to do。not doing。not done ：用分詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則，就應(yīng)使用狀語(yǔ)從句，或者調(diào)整句子的主語(yǔ)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）【2011全國(guó)卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the rise 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤敖酉聛?lái)我們看到的是煙霧從房子的后面冒出來(lái)?！眗ise升起來(lái)和see看到這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的形式表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。選B。【2011全國(guó)卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go join joined 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤耙?yàn)橛幸蛔鶚蚺c大陸連接，那個(gè)島嶼很容易去?！眏oin是及物動(dòng)詞，但空格后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，故使用join的過(guò)去分詞形式，充當(dāng)表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)的形容詞用，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都是主動(dòng)式，需要后接賓語(yǔ)，因此排除。選C?！?011全國(guó)卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the say 【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。【解析】句意為“Sarah假裝開(kāi)心，對(duì)那次爭(zhēng)論什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。”A和B項(xiàng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，句中沒(méi)有連詞，故排除；C項(xiàng)是作