【正文】 s5．forgive vt. 原諒，寬恕，饒恕I couldn39。t forgive Danny for leaving me.(P37)我不能夠原諒丹尼離開我。He is not a man who forgives easily.他不是一個肯輕易寬恕人的人。He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 他自知傷了她的心而央求她原諒。forgive for 原諒(某人)做了(某件錯事)forgive sb. forgive and forget 過去的事情就算了，既往不咎 forgiveness n．寬恕；寬仁之心forgive me 請原諒； 對不起I39。ll never forgive you for what you said to me last 。It39。s best to forgive and forget. 最好還是不記前嫌。He begged (her) for (她)原諒。 完成句子①我永遠也不會寬恕你對我所做的事。I will never ________________ what you have done to me.②經(jīng)過爭論之后，男孩們決定互相原諒不記前仇。After the argument the boys decide to ____________.【答案】?、賔orgive you for　②forgive and forget單項填空③—I shouldn39。t have shouted at feel terrible.—Just tell him you are sorry. He39。ll________ you.A．refuse B．forgiveC．blame D．praise【解析】　句意：——我本不該向他發(fā)火的，我感覺很糟糕?！蛩f聲對不起，他會原諒你的。forgive原諒?！敬鸢浮俊觀察下列從Reading中選取的句子，體會動詞173。ing形式的用法。①When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing.②I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.③He started losing friends.④Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people39。s coats.⑤This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about he theft, and this morning I went to see him.[自我總結(jié)]1．動詞的173。ing形式的完成式指分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。若動詞的173。ing形式所表示的動作與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用__________；若是動賓關(guān)系，則用__________。動詞的173。ing形式的完成式在句中作狀語，表示時間、原因、讓步等。2．否定形式為：__________。【答案】　 done　having been done　 having done/not having been done一、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式指分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，如果分詞所表示的動作與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用主動形式，即：having done；如果是動賓關(guān)系，則用被動形式，即：having been done。Having heard the news，Tom couldn39。t help ，湯姆禁不住哭起來。Not having received an answer, she decided to write another ，她決定再寫一封信。Having been given such a good book, the little boy was very ，小男孩非常高興。二、動詞的173。ing形式與不定式作賓語1．有些動詞只能用動詞不定式作賓語這類動詞有：agree(同意)，decline(拒絕)，refuse(拒絕)，offer(提出)，promise(答應(yīng))，choose(選擇)，decide(決定)，attempt(試圖)，intend(企圖)，manage(設(shè)法)，fail(失敗)，ask(要求)，hope(希望)，want(想要)，expect(期望)，wish(希望)，tend(傾向于)，desire(希望)，seek(尋求)，claim(聲稱)，plan(計劃)，prepare(準備)，learn(學(xué)會)，mean(意圖)，pretend(假裝)，afford(承擔(dān)得起)，appear顯得)，demand(要求)，happen(碰巧)，hate(憎恨)，hesitate(猶豫，不情愿)，prefer(寧愿)?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時，她假裝沒看見我。She will attempt to beat the world 。2．有些動詞(詞組)只能用動詞173。ing形式作賓語這類動詞(詞組)有：admit(承認)，appreciate(欣賞)，avoid(避免)，consider(考慮)，delay(延遲)，deny(否認)，enjoy(享受，喜愛)，escape(逃避)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，resist(忍住)，keep(繼續(xù))，mind(介意)，miss(錯過)，practice(練習(xí))，risk(冒險)，suggest(建議)，lead to(導(dǎo)致)，set about(開始，著手)，get down to(開始，著手)，give up(放棄)，feel like(想要)等?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。Do you mind my closing the window?我關(guān)上窗戶行嗎？He was looking forward to working with the new Prime 。3．動詞的173。ing形式作賓語與不定式的區(qū)別有些動詞后既可以接不定式也可以接動詞的173。ing形式作賓語。有些動詞后面可跟兩種形式時，意義相同，但大多數(shù)情況下，意義不同。現(xiàn)將此類動詞作一個簡單的總結(jié)。(1)意義不變有些動詞，如like，begin，start等，后面接不定式和接動詞的173。ing形式意義基本相同。但當(dāng)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或比較抽象的意義時，多用動詞的173。ing形式作賓語；而如果表示某個將來的動作或具體的意義時，則多用不定式作賓語。I like swimming in the river during the summer 。(經(jīng)常性動作)I like to see a film with my brother this afternoon.今天下午我想和弟弟一起去看電影。(具體動作)(2)意義不同下列動詞接不定式或動詞的173。ing形式意義不同：動詞例句remember to do... 記住去做……remember doing... 記得做過了……You must remember to tell me a story tomorrow.Can you remember telling me the story last year？forget to do... 忘記要去做……forget doing... 忘記做過了……I was so busy that I forgot to see the Great Wall last week.I will never forget seeing the Great Wall before.regret to do... 遺憾地去做……regret doing... 后悔做過了……He regretted to say that he couldn39。t stay here any more.He regretted buying these books from the bookstore.try to do... 努力、企圖做……try doing... 試著做……He tried to settle the problem, but he failed.He tried using another way to settle the problem, if this way can39。t do.go on to do... 接著做(另一件事)go on doing... 繼續(xù)做(同一件事)They went on to do exercise 2 after finishing exercise 1.They went on doing the same exercise after a short rest.can39。t help to do... 不能幫助做……can39。t help doing... 禁不住去做……I couldn39。t help to finish the work because I was so busy.I couldn39。t help finishing the work when I saw he was too tired.stop to do... 停下來去做……stop doing... 停止做……They stopped to talk after class was over.They stopped talking after class began.mean to do... 想要做……mean doing... 意味著做……He means to go to university, but going to university means working very, very hard.He needs to look after his mother because she is old.He is so young that he needs looking after( ＝ to be looked after) .learn to do... 學(xué)會了……learn doing...開始學(xué)習(xí)…Having learned to skate skillfully, she went on to learn swimming in the river.only to do... 結(jié)果，不料……(出人預(yù)料)only doing... 結(jié)果只是……(必然會)His mother went home, (only) to find the door open and everything stolen.His poor father died, only leaving him 3 broken houses.Ⅰ.單項填空1．(2012湖南高考)We39。ve had a good start，but next，more work needs ________ to achieve the final success.A．being done　　　　　　B．doC．to be done D．to do【解析】　句意：我們已經(jīng)有了一個好的開始，不過要實現(xiàn)最后的成功接下來還有很多工作要做。根據(jù)needs為第三人稱單數(shù)形式可知此處need為實義動詞，故其后不能直接跟動詞原形，排除B項；后一個句子的主語more work與do之間為被動關(guān)系，排除D項。表達“某物需要被……”時，我們可以用動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)或動名詞的主動語態(tài)，即此處可用to be done或doing作賓語?！敬鸢浮俊2．(2012北京高考)One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.A．corrects B．correctC．to correct D．correcting【解析】　句意：人通過出錯并改正錯誤來學(xué)習(xí)語言。by doing通過某種方式，correct與make為并列關(guān)系，同為by的賓語，故選D?！敬鸢浮俊3．(2012安徽高考)I remembered ________ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A．locking B．to lockC．having locked D．to have locked 【解析】　形式上來看，這道題在考查非謂語動詞的用法辨析。不定時和動名詞的基本辨析是：動詞不定式表示未發(fā)生或具體要做的動作，動名詞則表示發(fā)生過或習(xí)慣性的動作。為了更清晰地讓學(xué)生記住此辨析，在翻譯時可用“要”字表示不定式，用“了/過”字表示動名詞。那么，remember to do sth. 就翻譯為“記得要做某事”，而remember doing sth. 則翻譯成“記得做了/過某事”。因此，本題題干使用不定式和動名詞時的意思分別是：動詞不定式：在我離開辦公室之前，我記得