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_____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①All of a sudden, she burst into laughter. ②I bee dea f all of a sudden. 4. relief n. (痛苦、憂慮等的 )解除;減輕;寬慰; 救濟(jì) But street music gives life to everyone who listens and offers relief from the cares of the day. ( P49) 但是街頭音樂(lè)賦予了每位傾聽(tīng)者以活力,讓人們減輕了生活的煩惱。 I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the 試通過(guò)的時(shí)候,我感到輕松多了。 This medicine can give a patient relief from pain. 這種藥可以緩解病人的痛苦。 find relief from 從 ?? 中擺脫出來(lái) to one39。s relief 使某人欣慰的是 relieve v. 解除,減輕 relieve sb. of (負(fù)擔(dān)、職務(wù)等 ) Much to her relief, she saw the door open. 使她大感欣慰的是,她看到門(mén)開(kāi)了。 My headache has been 。 完成句子 ① 看到我的家人在地震中安然無(wú)恙,我感到極大的欣慰。 ________ to find that my family were all safe in the earthquake. ② 使她感到欣慰的是,他平安無(wú)事地 回家了 ________, he came home safe and sound at last. ③ 讓我?guī)湍隳眯欣睢? Let me ________ you________ your luggage. 【答案】 ①I(mǎi)t was a great relief ②To her relief ③relieve。 of 5. relax v. (使 )放松, (使 )輕松 It makes me relax。 I feel happy. (P51) 它使我放松;我感到很快樂(lè)。 She relaxed her mind by listening to music. 她聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使大腦得到休息。 He took a glass of beer and relaxed after a day39。s ,他喝杯啤酒輕松一下。 relaxed relaxing adj. 令人放松的 relaxation n.放松;消遣 It39。s relaxing to listen to music after a day39。s work. 一天工作后聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)是很輕松的事。 完成句子 ① 他躺在陽(yáng)光下,看起來(lái)非常輕松愉快。 He was lying in the sun looking very________ and happy. ② 他們?cè)诠珗@中度過(guò)了一個(gè)令人輕松的下午。 They spent a________ afternoon in the park. ③ 我一點(diǎn)都不反對(duì)在沙 灘上放松放松。 I have nothing against ________ on the beach. 【答案】 ① relaxed ② relaxing ③ relaxing 觀察下列兩個(gè)句子,體會(huì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。 ① Liu Fang has been playing the pipa for the last three hours. ② She39。s been performing concerts every day since last month. [自我總結(jié) ] 1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞 (have/has)+ been+ ________________+其他成分。 2.其表達(dá)的意思有兩種: (1)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始 __________________的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。 (2)表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在 ________________的動(dòng)作。 【答案】 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞;一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;正在進(jìn)行 一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 的用法 1.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去,則由上下文決定。它常與表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如 all the time, this week, this month, all day, all the morning, these days, for, since等連用,還與疑問(wèn)詞 how long連用。 What have you been doing all this time?你一直在干什么? For years, we have been demanding better jobs and ,我們一直在要求有更好的工作和居住條件。 He39。s been hoping for a raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼著加薪。 2.表示一直到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month. 這個(gè)月我一直在訪問(wèn)中國(guó)的幾個(gè)城市。 I have been meeting her at the library. 我多次在圖書(shū)館遇 到她。 We39。ve been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。 3.表示感情色彩。 Too much has been happening today. 今天真是一個(gè)多事的日子。 Oh, you have e at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours. ??!你終于來(lái)了!我等了你足足兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。 二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì) 現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的,而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。 a. We have been cleaning the classroom. b. We have cleaned the classroom. a 句可譯為 “ 我們打掃教室來(lái)著。 ” 其直接結(jié)果可能是:我們身上都是灰。 b句可譯為“ 我們把教室打掃過(guò)了。 ” 其結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在教室很清潔,可以用了。又: a 句表示教室剛剛打掃過(guò), b 句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。 2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作還在繼續(xù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒(méi)有這層含義。 a. I have been working all the morning. 我整個(gè)上午都在工作。 (說(shuō)明正在進(jìn)行 ) b. I have worked all the morning. 我已經(jīng)工作一上午了。 (不再進(jìn)行了 ) 3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì)。 a. My mother has been teaching English for ,教了 20年了。 b. My mother has taught English for twenty years. 我媽媽教英語(yǔ)教了 20年。 a 句表示 動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù),并將延續(xù)下去。 b句的動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去,須由上下文決定,但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。 4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。 a. Have you been meeting her lately? 你最近一直在見(jiàn)她嗎? b. Have you met her lately?你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)她嗎? a句有 “ 經(jīng)常相會(huì) ” 之意, b句則沒(méi)有。 b句如與 often, every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。 5.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng),有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí),一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。 a. What have you been doing?你一直在干什么呢? b. What have you done?你干什么了? a句表示驚異。 b句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 a. I have been wanting to meet you for long. 好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我一直想見(jiàn)你。 b. I have long wanted to meet 。 a句比 b句更親切,更有禮貌。 Ⅰ .單項(xiàng)填空 1. (2021 北京高考 )Tom________ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 【解析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由于題干中出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間 over the last three months,所以只能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。再根據(jù)句子的意思: Tom每天晚上一直在圖書(shū)館里工作。強(qiáng) 調(diào) work這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行,并且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】 C 2. I have to see the doctor because I ________ a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough 【解析】 本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) lately(最近 )可知,此處表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),且強(qiáng)調(diào)其持續(xù)性,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have been coughing。 【答案】 A 3. (2021 重慶高考 )— Why do you want to work for our pany? — This is the job that I________for. A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking 【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意: —— 你為什么想為我們公司效力? —— 這是我一直夢(mèng)寐以求的工作。由語(yǔ)境得知,這里強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 【答案】 D 4. (2021 福建高考 )The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞 over the last three years 可知答案為 D。 【答案】 D 5. (2021 浙江高考 )During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply. A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞 during the last three decades,可知使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),選 B。 【答案】 B Ⅱ .單句改錯(cuò) 1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. It39。s a good job. Have you done it all by yourself? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. It39。s a long time since you e to see me. ______________________________________________________________