【正文】 access to clean drinking water ? C. women’ s rights are denied in some developing countries ? D. safe drinking water should be a primary concern ? 73. The intended readers of the passage are ____. ? A. Americans ? B. overseas sponsors. ? C. Congressmen ? D. water anizations ? 74. The main purpose of the passage is to call on people to ____. ? A. get rid of waterrelated diseases in developing countries ? B. donate money to people short of water through religious groups ? C. fight against the worldwide water shortage and sanitation problem ? D. take joint action in support of some nonprofit water anizations 例題 1. 旅行用包 2. 旅游用的導(dǎo)航儀 3. Electronic quizmaster 4. All these advertisements are aimed at those________ A. Who like to order goods at home B. Who are going abroad C. Who do market researches D. Who are interested in intelligence tests 主（標(biāo)）題題 ? 解法： （ 1）正推法 （ 2）反推法 例題 ? Holiday Inns and McDonald39。s, both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation— franchising(特許經(jīng)營 ) ? These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent pany, first establishes a successful retail(零售 )business. At it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. the parent pany’ s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent pany supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different. ? By extending a “ proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’ s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the pany’ s reputation spreads, the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises bee easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, brings into play the economies of scale (規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) ). Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40. ? The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one. Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, through, probably e closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’ s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’ s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’ t thoughtlessly destroy it. ? Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor, you need only relax in the rocking chair. Franchising, however, has problems to be solved. ? 88. The passage mainly tells the reader_________. ? A. the advantages and disadvantages of franchising ? B. the benefits of franchising to the franchisor ? C. the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’ s ? D. some regional and national business operation 主（標(biāo)）題題干擾項(xiàng) 1. 以偏概全，用文章某一細(xì)節(jié)來代替文章主題 2. 擴(kuò)大主題范圍 做一個(gè)先知先覺的人?。?！ My blog: My : 805239140 注明學(xué)校和年級(jí) 謝謝大家 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！