【導(dǎo)讀】市場(chǎng)的適應(yīng)能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為。數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策?？傊?，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核。輸技術(shù)；自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)；伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)；傳感器技術(shù)；軟件技術(shù)等。我們主要探討數(shù)控加工中的工藝分析與工藝設(shè)計(jì)?？貦C(jī)床的工作原理······································································機(jī)床的合理選用··········&#1

　　

【正文】 解決的辦法。 另外，感謝校方給予我這樣一次機(jī)會(huì)，能夠獨(dú)立地完成一個(gè)課題，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中，給予我們各種方便，使我們?cè)诩磳㈦x校的最后一段時(shí)間里，能夠更多學(xué)習(xí)一些實(shí)踐應(yīng)用知識(shí)，增強(qiáng)了我 們實(shí)踐操作和動(dòng)手應(yīng)用能力，提高了獨(dú)立思考的能力。再一次對(duì)我的母校表示感謝。 感謝在整個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間和我密切合作的同學(xué)，和曾經(jīng)在各個(gè)方面給予過(guò)我?guī)椭幕锇閭儯诖髮W(xué)生活即將結(jié)束的最后的日子里，我們?cè)僖淮窝堇[了團(tuán)結(jié)合作的童話(huà)，把一個(gè)龐大的，從來(lái)沒(méi)有上手的課題，圓滿(mǎn)地完成了。正是因?yàn)橛辛四銈兊膸椭抛屛也粌H學(xué)到了本次課題所涉及的新知識(shí)，更讓我感覺(jué)到了知識(shí)以外的東西，那就是團(tuán)結(jié)的力量。 最后，感謝所有在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中給予過(guò)我?guī)椭娜恕? 對(duì)上述朋友，再一次真誠(chéng)地表示感謝！ 20 參考文 獻(xiàn) 〔 1〕 中國(guó)機(jī)床工具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì) 行業(yè)發(fā)展部 . 世界制造技術(shù)與裝備市場(chǎng)， 2020(3)： 〔 2〕 梁訓(xùn)王宣 周延佑 .機(jī)床技術(shù)發(fā)展的新動(dòng)向 . 界制造技術(shù)與裝備市場(chǎng)， 2020(3)： 〔 3〕 蔡蘭 王霄 數(shù)控加工工藝學(xué) 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2020 〔 4〕 趙長(zhǎng)旭 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 2020 21 付：外文翻譯 電火花加工 電火花加工法對(duì)加工超韌性的導(dǎo)電材料（如新的太空合金）特別有價(jià)值。這些金屬很難用常規(guī)方法加工，用常規(guī)的切削刀 具不可能加工極其復(fù)雜的形狀，電火花加工使之變得相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單了。在金屬切削工業(yè)中，這種加工方法正不斷尋找新的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。塑料工業(yè)已廣泛使用這種方法，如在鋼制模具上加工幾乎是任何形狀的模腔。 電火花加工法是一種受控制的金屬切削技術(shù)，它使用電火花切除（侵蝕）工件上的多余金屬，工件在切削后的形狀與刀具（電極）相反。切削刀具用導(dǎo)電材料（通常是碳）制造。電極形狀與所需型腔想匹配。工件與電極都浸在不導(dǎo)電的液體里，這種液體通常是輕潤(rùn)滑油。它應(yīng)當(dāng)是點(diǎn)的不良導(dǎo)體或絕緣體。 用伺服機(jī)構(gòu)是電極和工件間的保持 ~ 英寸（ ~）的間隙，以阻止他們相互接觸。頻率為 20200Hz 左右的低電壓大電流的直流電加到電極上，這些電脈沖引起火花，跳過(guò)電極與工件的見(jiàn)的不導(dǎo)電的液體間隙。在火花沖擊的局部區(qū)域，產(chǎn)生了大量的熱量，金屬融化了，從工件表面噴出融化金屬的小粒子。不斷循環(huán)著的不導(dǎo)電的液體，將侵蝕下來(lái)的金屬粒子帶走，同時(shí)也有助于驅(qū)散火花產(chǎn)生的熱量。 在最近幾年，電火花加工的主要進(jìn)步是降低了它加工后的表面粗糙度。用低的金屬切除率時(shí)，表面粗糙度可達(dá) 2— 4vin.(— )。用高的金屬切除率 [如高達(dá) 15in3/h()]時(shí)，表面粗糙度為 1000vin.(25vm)。 需要的表面粗糙度的類(lèi)型，決定了能使用的安培數(shù) ,電容 ,頻率和電壓值?？焖偾谐饘伲ù智邢鳎r(shí)，用大電流 ,低頻率 ,高電容和最小的間隙電壓。緩慢切除金屬（精切削）和需獲得高的表面光潔度時(shí)，用小電流 ,高頻率 ,低電容和最高的間隙電壓。 與常規(guī)機(jī)加工方法相比，電火花加工有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 1 . 不論硬度高低，只要是導(dǎo)電材料都能對(duì)其進(jìn)行切削。對(duì)用常規(guī)方法極難切削的硬質(zhì)合金和超韌性的太空合金，電火化加工特別 有價(jià)值。 2 . 工件可在淬火狀態(tài)下加工，因克服了由淬火引起的變形問(wèn)題。 3 . 很容易將斷在工件中的絲錐和鉆頭除。 4 . 由于刀具（電極）從未與工件接觸過(guò)，故工件中不會(huì)產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力。 5 . 加工出的零件無(wú)毛刺。 22 6 . 薄而脆的工件很容易加工，且無(wú)毛刺。 7 . 對(duì)許多類(lèi)型的工件，一般不需第二次精加工。 8 .隨著金屬的切除，伺服機(jī)構(gòu)使電極自動(dòng)向工件進(jìn)給。 9 .一個(gè)人可同時(shí)操作幾臺(tái)電火花加工機(jī)床。 地從實(shí)心坯料上，加工出常規(guī)方法不可能加工出來(lái)的極復(fù)雜的形狀。 。 ，在陰模板上復(fù)制其形狀，并留有必須的間隙。 Electrical discharge machining Electrical discharge machining has proved especially valuable in the machining of supertough, electrically conductive materials such as the new spaceage alloys. These metals would have been difficult to machine by conventional methods, but EDM has made it relatively simple to machine intricate shapes that would be impossible to produce with conventional cutting tools. This machining process is continually finding further applications in the metalcutting industry. It is being used extensively in the plastic industry to produce cavities of almost any shape in the steel molds. Electrical discharge machining is a controlled metal removal technique whereby an electric spark is used to cut (erode) the workpiece, which takes a shape opposite to that of the cutting tool or electrode. The cutting tool (electrode) is made from electrically conductive material, usually carbon. The electrode, made to the shape of the cavity required, and the workpiece are both submerged in a dielectric fluid, which is generally a light lubricating oil. This dielectric fluid should be a nonconductor (or poor conductor) of electricity. A servo mechanism maintains a gap of about to in. ( to mm) between the electrode and the work, preventing them from ing into contact with each other. A direct current of low voltage and high amperage is delivered to the electrode at the rate of approximately 23 20 000 hertz (Hz). These electrical energy impulses bee sparks which jump the dielectric fluid. Intense heat is created in the localized area of the park impact, the metal melts and a small particle of molten metal is expelled from the surface of the workpiece . The dielectric fluid, which is constantly being circulated, carries away the eroded particles of metal and also assists in dissipating the heat caused by the spark. In the last few years, major advances have been made with regard to the surface finishes that can be produced. With the low metal removal rates, surface finishes of 2 to 4 um. ( to ) are possible. With high metal removal rates finishes of 1 000uin. (25um) are produced. The type of finish required determines the number of amperes which can be used, the capacitance, frequency, and the voltage setting. For fast metal removal (roughing cuts), high amperage, low frequency, high capacitance, and minimum gap voltage are required. For slow metal removal (finish cut) and good surface finish, low amperage, high frequency, low capacitance, and the highest gap voltage are required. Electrical discharge machining has many advantages over conventional machining processes. 1. Any material that is electrically conductive can be cut, regardless of its hardness. It is especially valuable for cemented carbides and the new supertough spaceage alloys that are extremely difficult to cut by conventional means. 2. Work can be machined in a hardened state, thereby overing the deformation caused by the hardening process. 3. Broken taps or drills can readily be removed from workpieces. 4. It does not create stresses in the work material since the tool (electrode) never es in contact with the work. 5. The process is burrfree. 6. Thin, fragile sections can be easily machined without deforming. 24 7. Secondary finishing operations are generally eliminated for many types of work. 8. The process is automatic in that the servomechanism advances the electrode into the work as the metal is removed. 9. One person can operate several EDM machines at one time. 10. Intricate shapes, impossible to produce by conventional means, are cut out of a solid with relative ease. 11. Better dies and molds can be produced at lower costs. 12. A die punch can be used as the electrode to reproduce its shape in the matching die plate, plete with the necessary clearance.