【正文】 own vegetables instead. () ★★★★★3. The arguer fails to provide any information about what fraction of consumers buy their vegetables from supermarkets. () ★★4. The arguer fails to convince us that the gardening magazine Great Gardens is indeed popular among residents. () ★★5. We do not know the content and circulation of the magazine, thus the fact that the magazine has sold out three months in a row does not necessarily indicate that people in this area are interested in planting vegetables themselves. () ★★★6. The situation at one certain news stand does not prove that people in this area are interested in gardening. (quantity of the sample) ★★★7. The arguer fails to consider the possible cost of the proposed action. (:disadv) ★★★★—————————————————————————————— 15, （經(jīng)濟，投資/建議/大并列小遞進）The following appeared in a newsletter offering advice to investors.Over 80 percent of the respondents to a recent survey indicated a desire to reduce their intake of foods containing fats and cholesterol(1,5), and today lowfat products abound in many food stores(2). Since many of the food products currently marketed by Old Dairy Industries are high in fat and cholesterol(7), the pany39。s sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease(3,4). We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this pany(6). ★★★★661. The author fails to assure us that the survey results accurately reflect the desires of most consumers, or that the results accurately predict consumer behavior. (Are the respondents representative?) ★★2. The fact that lowfat foods are in abundant supply in food stores does not necessarily indicate an increasing demand for lowfat dairy products or a diminishing demand for highfat dairy products. (NCR) ★★★★★3. The newsletter concludes too hastily that Old Dairy profits will decline. () ★★★4. The argument fails to provide any information about other products marketed by Old Dairy which may be low in fat and cholesterol. () ★★★5. The author fails to consider other factors that may influence the consumers’ decision in choosing food. () ★★★6. The mere fact that many Old Dairy’s food products are high in fat and cholesterol does not necessarily prove that their stock is not worth investing. () ★★★★7. The author ignores the possibility that Old Dairy may change its policy and main product in the future. (P→F) ★★★——————————————————————————————16, （社會/提議/大并列小遞進）The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a local newspaper from a citizen of the state of Impecunia. Two years ago our neighboring state, Lucria, began a state lottery to supplement tax revenues for education and public health. Today, Lucria spends more per pupil than we do, and Lucria39。s public health program treats far more people(3,4) than our state39。s program does(1). If we were to establish a state lottery like the one in Lucria(2), the profits could be used to improve our educational system and public health program. The new lottery would doubtless be successful, because a survey conducted in our capital city (6)concludes that citizens of Impecunia already spend an average of $50 per person per year on gambling(5). ★★1. The arguer unfairly assumes that the current condition of education and health program in Lucria is due to the lottery. (post hoc, ergo propter hoc) ★★★★2. The two states may be different in many aspects, thus a similar lottery system may not prove helpful for Impecunia. () ★★★★3. We do not know the base amount of citizens in each state, hence the fact that Lucria39。s health programs treat more people than Impecunia39。s programs lends no support to the argument. () ★★★★4. The number of people treated by a health program does not necessarily indicate the quality of health care of the program. () ★★★★5. The fact that Impecunia39。s residents spend $ 50 per capita on gambling each year does not suffice to prove that residents will spend much money on lottery. () ★★★6. The situation in our capital city could not illustrate that people in other areas of the state are also interested in gambling. (selective sample/) ★★★—————————————————————————————— 17, （社會/論斷/并列）The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Walnut Grove town newspaper. Walnut Grove39。s town council has advocated switching from EZ Disposal (which has had the contract for trash collection services in Walnut Grove for the past ten years) to ABC Waste, because EZ recently raised its monthly fee from $2,000 to $2,500 a month, whereas ABC39。s fee is still $2,000. But the town council is mistaken。 we should continue using EZ(4). EZ collects trash twice a week(1), while ABC collects only once(5). Moreover, EZ—which, like ABC, currently has a fleet of 20 trucks—has ordered additional trucks(2,3). Finally, EZ provides exceptional service: 80 percent of respondents(6) to last year39。s town survey agreed that they were 39。satisfied39。 (8)with EZ39。s performance(7). ★★★41,93,2331. The author fails to substantiate the assumption that the town would benefit from an additional collection each week. () ★★2. The author does not inform us the usage of the newly ordered trucks, and that of the current fleet, of EZ. () ★★★3. We could not rule out the possibility that ABC has also ordered additional trucks to its fleet. (ex parte information) ★★★4. The author fails to consider other factors such as the credit, the procedure and technology of trashcollecting of each pany. () ★★★★★5. The author fails to demonstrate that the residents care more about the frequency of trash collection than the charge. () ★6. The author fails to provide assurances that the respondents of the survey are representative of the overall population of people whose trash were collected by EZ. (are the respondents representative?) ★★7. Those respondents, or citizens of our town, may be even more satisfied with ABC39。s services. (ex parte information) ★★8. We do not know what questi