【正文】 是在法律規(guī)定范圍之內(nèi)為他們的公司賺盡可能多的錢。 In several respects this position has considerable merit。 yet it ignores certain pelling arguments for imposing on businesses additional obligations to the society in which they operate.1. On the one hand are convincing arguments that profit maximization within the bounds of the law should be a business executive’s sole responsibility. First, imposing on businesses additional duties to society in which they operate can, paradoxically, harm that society.2. Secondly, by affirming that profit maximization within legal bounds is the most ethical behavior possible for business, more private enterprises and individuals will be encouraged enter the marketplace in the quest of profits.3. On the other hand are pelling arguments for holding business executives to certain responsibilities in addition to profit maximization and to pliance with the letter of law.160. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently mitted to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will acplish little. 對于一位強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來說，最關(guān)鍵的能力就是要對一些原則和目標(biāo)堅定不移。任何領(lǐng)導(dǎo)如果很頻繁的、很輕易的為大眾意志而轉(zhuǎn)移的話，他將會一事無成。 In addressing the issue it is helpful to consider, in turn, three distinct forms of leadership: business, political and socialspiritual.1. In the business realm, effective leadership is generally defined, at least in our corporate culture, as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firm’s shareholders or other owners.2. In the political realm, stubborn adherence to one’s objective in the short term might serve a political leader’s interest in preserving his or her power, yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader’s downfall.3. Sociospiritual leadership, in order to be effective, inherently requires that the leader remain steadfastly mitted to principle.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與大眾 170. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people. 一個偉大國家最真實的體現(xiàn)不是它的統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或者科學(xué)家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。 1. Admittedly, the overriding imperative of any democratic state is to enhance the general welfare of its citizenry. Yet the speaker fails to provide a clear litmus test for measuring that welfare.2. Many scientific achievements serve to enhance a nation’s general welfare. 3. Artistic achievement is also needed to make a nation a better place for humans overall.4. We should also be careful not to hastily assume that a nation is necessarily great merely by virtue of the achievements of individual citizens. 社會精英和人民大眾 the general welfare 171. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good. 能夠造福社會的是那些純粹出于個人原因而追求自己興趣知識的人，而不是那些打算為大眾謀福利的人。 Agree1. By human nature we are motivated to pursue activities in which we excel.2. Secondly, it is unusual avenues of personal interest that most often lead to the greatest contributions to society.3. Thirdly, to adopt a view that runs contrary to the speaker’s position would be to sanction certain intellectual pursuits while proscribing others—which smacks of thought control and political oppression.個人和整體之動機 174. Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places. 法律不應(yīng)該是僵化或固定的，而應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境、時期和地點而足夠靈活。 1. On the one hand, a certain measure of consistency, stability and predictability in our laws is required in order for us to understand our legal obligations and rights as we go about our daytoday business as a society.2. On the other hand, rigid laws can result in unfairness if applied inflexibly in all places at all times.法律的靈活性 178. It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people39。s behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people39。s hearts and minds. 通過法律可以控制或者限制人們的行為，但是立法是無法改變?nèi)祟惐拘缘?。法律無法改變?nèi)藗兊母星楹退枷搿? It is necessary to realize the limits of law when we hail “rule by law”.1. Common tells us that without laws, society would fall into a state of chaos.2. However, legislation cannot reform human nature.3. Society should depend on education to cultivate people’s hearts and minds.180. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated. 現(xiàn)代社會的很多問題是法律和立法系統(tǒng)無法解決的，因為道德行為是無法用法律約束的。 I agree with this assertion insofar as it relates to constraints on certain personal freedoms. However, when it es to the conduct of business, I think that moral behavior not only can but must be legislated for the purpose of alleviating societal problems.1. Morality laws that impinge upon freedom of choice about our personal lives—to control what we do with and to ourselves—simply do not work in a democratic society.2. Morality laws impinging on personal freedoms are not made any more useful or effective by purporting to serve the greater good of society, because on balance their costs far outweigh their benefits.3. In sharp contrast to personal behavior, the behavior of businesses can and must be controlled through legislation.道德和法律 185. Scandalswhether in politics, academia, or other areascan be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 丑聞無論是政治、學(xué)術(shù)還是其他領(lǐng)域可能會是有用的。丑聞可以用演說家或者改革家無法使用的手段讓我們注意到某些問題。 1. On the one hand, scandals can sometimes serve to call our attention to pervasive social or political problems that we would otherwise neglect.2. On