【正文】 l, which justifies the pursuit of selfinterests.2. The problem daunting contemporary society is that egoism as run wild.3. Today there is every need for the society to encourage individuals to work for the interests of others.少數(shù)和多數(shù) 89. Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負(fù)的責(zé)任所造就的。 Generally speaking, leaders are the results of a bination of internal qualities and external conditions.1. The demands place upon a person could challenge him or her to bee a leader.2. However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can bee a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.3. Besides opportunities, one also need to have certain qualities to make a leader.時(shí)勢造英雄 93. The concept of 39。individual responsibility39。 is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people39。s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 個(gè)人責(zé)任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)。盡管社會(huì)必須讓個(gè)人對(duì)他們自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，但是人們的行為很大程度上不是自己能夠左右的。 1. The claim that individual responsibility is a necessary fictions has some merit in that a society where individuals are not held accountable for their actions and choices is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever.2. A correlative argument for individual responsibility involves the fact that lawless, or anarchist, states give way to despotic rule by strong individuals who seize power.3. As for the speaker’s second claim, it flies in the face of our everyday experiences in making choices and decisions. 少數(shù)和多數(shù)之個(gè)人責(zé)任 113. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 如果我們要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所處的社會(huì)團(tuán)體。 I strongly agree that we define ourselves primarily through our identification with social groups, as the speaker asserts.1. Any developmental psychologist would agree that socialization with other children plays a critical role in any child’s understanding and psychological development of self.2. As children progress to the social world of the playground and other afterschool venues, their earlier recognition that they relate more closely to some people than to others evolves into a desire to form welldefined social groups, and to set these groups apart from others.3. However, as young adults take on the responsibilities of partnering, parenting, and working, they appear to define themselves less by their social affiliations and more by their marital status, parental status, and occupation. 120. So much is new and plex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是如此的嶄新和復(fù)雜以至于回首了解過去對(duì)于當(dāng)代生活已經(jīng)沒有太大幫助了。 Even though history offers few foolproof panaceas for living today, the author’s claim that today’s world is so unique that the past is irrelevant is too radical.1. Admittedly, history has helped us learn the appropriateness of addressing certain social issues, particularly moral ones, on a societal level.2. However, the only firm lesson from history about social ills is that they are here to stay.現(xiàn)在和過去 126. Society39。s external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself. 社會(huì)給予的客觀獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)并不能衡量真正的成功。真正的成功只能是取決于一個(gè)人為他自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。 Success should be gauged on a personal base.1. Society’s external rewards can only be regarded as society’s recognition of one’s contribution to society.2. For an individual person, a correct attitude is to gauge success in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.3. Overemphasizing the social criterion of success tends to belittle the worth of an individual.客觀和主觀 133. The problems of modern society have led many people to plain: 39。We live in terrible times.39。 Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的問題是很多人都在抱怨：“我們生活在一個(gè)可怕的時(shí)代?！钡羌僭O(shè)讓他們選擇的話，現(xiàn)在的人們?nèi)匀粫?huì)選擇現(xiàn)在而不是其他的時(shí)代。 We live in the best time of history.1. Firstly, our living conditions today are superior to those of any p