【正文】
freshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is natural manure. 自由之樹常以志士和暴君的血來(lái)澆灌,這些鮮血是自由之樹的天然肥料。 此例以肥料喻革命志士與暴君之血。 設(shè)喻方法 ?,比喻抽象的事物或概念。 It’s the same with Negro in America. That shoe…the white man’s system…h(huán)as pinched and rubbed squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. 美國(guó)黑人的情況也是這樣,白人制度這只鞋夾緊了他的靈魂,使之受磨難,幾乎要把他毀掉了。 用夾緊黑人的靈魂的一只鞋子來(lái)比喻美國(guó)的白人制度,這是典型的以具體事物比喻抽象事物。 設(shè)喻方法 ? (abstract conception)去比喻另一抽象概念。 It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, It was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of doubtfulness, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. 這是智慧的年代,這是愚蠢的年代,這是信仰的年代,這是懷疑的年代,這是光明的季節(jié),黑暗的季節(jié),這是希望之春,這是失望之冬。 在此例中,作者將“時(shí)間”這一抽象概念,用一系列的其他抽象概念:智慧,愚蠢,信仰,懷疑,光明,黑暗,希望,失望來(lái)比喻。