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【正文】 uage users. Language varieties and functions} or (It is the subfield of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. According to Labov, sociolinguistics is the study of correlation between linguistic variables and nonlinguistic variables. ) @the SapirWhorf hypothesis薩爾 沃爾夫假說 : language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different language may probably express speaker?s unique ways of understanding the world. It has 3aspects: 1. Linguistic determinism 2. Linguistic relativity3strong, the weak version @the context of situation語境學(xué)說 Firth / a model for illustrating the close relationship between language use and the context of situation which contains the following ponents:1. The relevant features of the participants: persons, personalities2. The relevant objects3. The effects of the verbal action, /“who speaks (or writes) what to whom and when and to what end” @linguistic sexism：語言性別歧視 linguistic discrimination against women: chairman, man power, man（ whole human race） , he (a person of unknown sex), gentlemen. ? the speech act theory 語言行為理論 : This is the first major theory in the study of language in use. It originated with the Oxford philosopher Austin and presented in How to Do Things with Words. speech act means actions performed via utterances. ? Narrator’s representation of speech acts（ NRSA）敘述者對言語行為的表達(dá) : a summery of a piece of discourse, the purpose of the speech is remained。 it is the functional interpretation of the original words. She asked him a question. ? Narrator’s representation of speech（ NRS）敘述者對言語的表達(dá) : telling us that speech occurs, but the content is not mentioned: She talked with him for a while.
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