【正文】
rket have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000. 閱讀. Text D)
【析句】本句較長,但結(jié)構(gòu)并不十分復(fù)雜。句子的主干是The ing of age...and an entry of women... have limited the opportunities of teenagers. 后有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句who are...sacrifices,修飾teenagers;同時(shí),定語從句中又包含過去分詞引導(dǎo)的從句involved in ...相當(dāng)于which were involved...。
34. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the Japanese morality of respect for parents. (2000. 閱讀. Text D)
【析句】本文的主干是Mituso Setoyama raised eyebrows when he argued...。其中,主句中,有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾Mitsuo Setoyama,點(diǎn)明人物身份;從句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,argue后that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,introduced by...WW II是liberal reforms的定語。修飾成分再多再長,只要找準(zhǔn)主干再層層分析,問題就迎刃而解。
35. With economic growth has e centralization。 fully 76 percent of Japan s 119 million citizens live in cities where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, twogeneration households. (2000. 閱讀. Text D)
【析句】注意第一句話后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號為分號,說明這是完整的句子,而不是with 引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語。實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)倒裝句,真正的語序是centralization has e with economic ,句子主干是76% of citizens live in cities,where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句,修飾cities。英語長難句中,一定不要忽視標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的作用。
36. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home。 the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in threestar restaurants。 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)
【析句】本句很長,但結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單:主句是we are treated to ...spectacles, 后跟非限制性定語從句,修飾前面的整個(gè)句子。冒號之后,是對于hypocritical spectacles的解釋說明,共有三個(gè)名詞,the critic of...+介詞短語;the publisher of...+who引導(dǎo)的定語從句;the journalist+動名詞引導(dǎo)的定語結(jié)構(gòu)+whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
37. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)
【析句】句子的主句是This does not mean,但主要內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)在后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,前兩個(gè)是并列關(guān)系,后一個(gè)與前兩個(gè)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,that ambition ...end, that people...promptings,but that it is less professed。no longer openly honored作最后一個(gè)賓語從句的伴隨狀語。
38. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000. 閱讀. Text E)
【析句】主句Such is the way things stand中,things stand是省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句,冒號后進(jìn)一步解釋說明三種人,介詞短語在前,省略了系動詞are,主語在后。
39. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, bined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. (2001. 閱讀. Text 3)
【析句】英語閱讀中有不少長句自成一段,本句就是一例。句子的主句是this project has turned out to be ...finds, about+后面三個(gè)名詞作賓語的補(bǔ)語;逗號后bined with...puzzlement是過去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語,里面又含有what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
40. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.amp。nbsp。 (2001. 閱讀. Text 3)