【正文】 tic?24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer39。s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism 。 does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? （5）不僅如此，有些黑人小說（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢？這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語解釋：在本句中有三個(gè)詞需要先解釋一番：verge on這個(gè)詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思，hero在文學(xué)作品中是主人公的意思，pit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思，其英文釋義為：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against which Black heroes are ：pit black heroes against fate。另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，分號(hào)之后是一個(gè)一般疑問句，但是由于修飾成分過多，過長，使得讀者看不清楚這個(gè)句子在問什么。其實(shí)如果沒有最后的那個(gè)prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句會(huì)易懂得多。意群訓(xùn)練：In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer39。s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism； does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon　Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex　　Colored Man. （4）注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A《黑人小說》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說，在此過程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜（James Weldon Johnson）的《一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》（Autobiography of an ExColored Man）。難句類型：倒裝解釋：在以bringing開頭的作狀語的分詞中出現(xiàn)了倒裝，bring A to B被倒裝為bring to B A,其倒裝的原因仍是為了避免頭重腳輕，正常的語序應(yīng)該如下：bringing some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon Johnson39。s Autobiography of an ExColored Man to our attention in the process.意群訓(xùn)練：Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels， bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon　Johnson39。s Autobiography of an ExColored Man.26. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longerwavelength，　　infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)雖然這些分子允許可見波長（visible wavelength）的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會(huì)吸收某些較長波長（longerwavelength），亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射（infrared emission），這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會(huì)被重新輸送回太空。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞解釋：前面的分句中有一個(gè)不算很長的插入語，但是因?yàn)樗迦氲奈恢谜迷诠潭ù钆鋋llow something to do something中間，將allow和to分得很遠(yuǎn)，所以讀起來讓人感覺很不舒服。后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位語。其中的otherwise是副詞作狀語，表示如果后面的分句所說的they absorb some of the longerwaverlength, infrared emissions不發(fā)生時(shí)的后果。意群訓(xùn)練：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated， to pass through， they absorb some of the longerwavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth39。s surface， radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.27. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling, thinking, and acting that　　e naturally in archetypal situations in any culture. （4）這些人類學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進(jìn)化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細(xì)節(jié)，而是將各種限制強(qiáng)加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會(huì)“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動(dòng)方式。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略解釋：盡管我們很熟悉the role of something的這種表達(dá)，但本句中the role of被作者勝利很活。首先，在role后面有一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句(因?yàn)閞ole在從句中作ascribe的賓語)，這樣就把role和系動(dòng)詞is隔得很遠(yuǎn)。其次，but前面的句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)The role is not of doing something其實(shí)是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因?yàn)楹竺娴膖he role與前面的完全重復(fù)，如果不把它省略掉，誰看到都要覺得啰嗦。因?yàn)橥瑯拥牡览?，but之后的one of imposing constraints實(shí)際上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。意群訓(xùn)練：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　 the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints— ways of　feeling， thinking, and acting that　　e naturally in archetypal situations in any culture.28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? （5）以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的“人類行為細(xì)節(jié)”相對(duì)“人類所受限制”之間的差異，從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個(gè)合適的類比？難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞解釋：本句子在所有GRE或GMAT閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且用詞抽象，使得讀者如果想根據(jù)語義來搞清楚誰修飾誰，也變得極為困難。分析如下：本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction?. Versus是一個(gè)介詞，等于against，即體育比賽中的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個(gè)對(duì)答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology，　說明這種類比的比較雙方所比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。意群訓(xùn)練：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove， that the grazers　had removed most of the algae. （3+）在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒能證明——食草動(dòng)物已吞噬了大部分水藻。難句類型：插入語解釋：本句主語很長，而且謂語suggested與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句間被插入語but did not prove隔開，造成閱讀障礙。當(dāng)suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時(shí)候，其意思不是建議，而是指一種基于主觀臆測的推理，中文翻譯成“暗示”。其英文釋義為：to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。 GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中，常用suggest, but do not prove來描述一種沒有真憑實(shí)據(jù)、可能有問題的理論，然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。意群訓(xùn)練：A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove， that the grazers　had removed most of the algae.30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a deemphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. （5）可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物（而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物）的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語解釋：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語令人吃驚地長，在最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后的led以前，全是主語！其實(shí)句子的主干簡單，就是the fact led to a d