【正文】 態(tài)參考譯文：反快樂藝術的興起幾乎完全隨大眾媒介同時出現(xiàn)，隨之興起了一種商業(yè)文化，在這個文化中，快樂不僅僅是一個理想，而且是一種意識形態(tài)。方式狀語從句——前置9675復合句75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.New forms of thought 新的思維方式new subjects for thought 新的思維對象must：必然要，必定會as they have in the past：就像過去曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一樣。giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來new standards of elegance 完美的新標準翻譯：新的思維方式和新的思維內(nèi)容將拉一定會出現(xiàn)，正如他們過去已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一樣，從而給完美以新的標準?；颍合襁^去一樣，將來一定會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維內(nèi)容，從而給完美以新的標準。 原因狀語從句前因后果或前果后因2006年Text 3The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.結構：表語從句：that people have failed to detect the massive changes定語從句：which have happened in the ocean原因狀語從句：because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.單詞：Notion ：概念，觀念，想法Detect ：察覺，發(fā)覺，偵查，探測 detective: 偵探Look back：回顧，倒退，追憶參考譯文：其中的觀點是：人們之所以沒有察覺到海洋中發(fā)生的巨大變化，原因是他們過去一直考察的時間只是過去的一個相對較短的時間段。0462多重復合句(62) We are obliged to them （because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 參考譯文：我們之所以感激他們（兩位先驅），是因為從此以后，這些（土著）語言中(的一部分/有一些)（消失/已經(jīng)不復存在）了，因為講這些語言的人要么滅絕了，要么被同化了，因而喪失了（自己/本族）的語言。0262復合句62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.　　the explanatory items用以解釋的要素(內(nèi)容，項目)　　other kinds of explanations其他解釋方式have been slow to change （一直）發(fā)展緩慢。change 改變——發(fā)展。the explanatory items： 用以解釋的依據(jù)、要素（內(nèi)容，項目）＝ explanations，對行為的解釋。item 內(nèi)容，項目——依據(jù)、要素參考譯文：行為科學之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。結果狀語從句0463復合句(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.——newly＋過去分詞newly bought sunglasses 新買的太陽鏡a newly built subway 新建的地鐵a newly arrived guest 新到的客人a newly married couple 新婚夫婦a newly born child 新生嬰兒Strikingly：突出地，顯著地。Fabricating：捏造，偽造，編制參考譯文：這些新近被描述的語言與歐洲和東南亞那些已經(jīng)得到很好研究的語言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學者甚至指責Boas和Sapir捏造了數(shù)據(jù)。0175復合句75) 主句And home appliances will also bee so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.home appliances 家用電器smart 聰明，智能化Shanghainese are too clever to be smart. 上海人精明但是不聰明。them：指代home appliances，譯作“它們”。result in：導致，出現(xiàn)the breakout of / a new psychological disorder：psychological disorder 心理混亂(失調(diào))kitchen rage 廚房狂燥癥rage：furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 狂暴，猖獗猛烈的力度，用于風暴或疾病翻譯：家用電器將會變得如此智能，以致于控制和操作他們將會引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病——廚房狂躁癥。十三、代詞的翻譯1. 句子內(nèi)部指代的翻譯當代詞與其所指代的對象在同一劃線句中時，一般來可以將代詞譯為相對應的代詞。但是如果前面出現(xiàn)多個名詞，而且從數(shù)量、性質等方面很難判斷代詞的指代，句中的代詞也比較多時，則最好將代詞翻譯成相對應的名詞。0465復合句(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.參考譯文：Whorf/沃爾夫（逐漸接受/進而相信）某種（類似）語言決定論的觀點；這種觀點的極端說法是：語言禁錮了思想，（而）語言的語法結構能對一個社會的文化產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。01 71) 復合句71) 主句There // will be // 并列結構1 television chat shows / 后置定語hosted by robots, // 并列結構2 and cars / 后置定語 with pollution monitors // 定語從句that // will disable // them // 時間（條件）狀語從句when // they // offend.there will be 將來會有，到時會有（注意時態(tài)的表達）。television chat shows hosted by robots 由機器人主持的電視談話/聊天/討論/表演節(jié)目.chat shows：訪談節(jié)目host：to act as host at (an event) or to (a person) 主持、主辦（活動）；招待（某人）a host country 東道國guest team 客隊host team 主隊hostile (a.) 敵對的, 敵方的 (n.) 敵對hospitality (n.) 好客, 宜人, 盛情cars with pollution monitors 裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車that will disable them：監(jiān)控器就會使其（汽車）停駛that：監(jiān)視器。＝ monitor。disable them 使汽車失靈/停止運行/無法前進/不能開動/癱瘓/將阻止汽車開動them：指代汽車offend 多義詞(汽車)污染超標/違規(guī)譯 文： 屆時，將出現(xiàn)由機器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(違規(guī))，監(jiān)控器就會使其停駛。01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of manmachine integration:” It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.詞義推敲：that 代詞作主語，指代上文a breakthrough 突破，一定要譯出。the start of manmachine integration 人機一體化的開始 ＝ puterhuman linksintegrate：結合，一體化it：指代“breakthrough”，可以譯作“這個突破”或者“它”。the beginning of the long process of integration：人機一體化漫長之路的開端ultimately：最終lead to 引起出現(xiàn)，導致產(chǎn)生a fully electronic human 完全電子化的仿真人，完全的電子人before the end of the next century 在下世紀末之前譯 文： 但皮爾森指出，這個突破僅僅是人機一體化的開始：它是人機一體化漫長之路的第一步，最終會使人們在下世紀末之前就研制出完全電子化的仿真人。2. 句外指代的翻譯A．對于指代具體某個或幾個名詞的詞，一定要搞清楚他指代的內(nèi)容，譯文中用代詞表示不清的就用名詞來表達，哪怕是羅嗦一點也一定要多用名詞，只有在明顯清楚或者找不到合適的名詞才用代詞。02 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (selfgoverning) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.詞義推敲：They：指代“freedom and dignity”，譯作“自由與尊嚴”autonomous (selfgoverning)：自主行為的；自我管理的；自我約束的。an autonomous region 自治地區(qū)possession：wealth or property 財富，財產(chǎn)。be essential to 必不可少的，非常重要的practices 實踐活動credit：贊同，贊揚對某一行為、能力或質量的贊同；贊揚譯 文： 自由和尊嚴是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負責并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。B． 若是代詞指代的內(nèi)容為前面的某個句子，需要總結，則在翻譯的時候可以以模糊對模糊，根據(jù)具體情況將該代詞譯為“這種問法，這種說法，這個問題，這種做法…”0548復合句48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.參考譯文：僅這一點就足以表明，要在電視行業(yè)里生存下來并非易事。統(tǒng)計數(shù)字尤其說明了這一事實，在80個歐洲電視網(wǎng)中，多達一半在1989年虧損。十四、賓語從句的翻譯方法1． 賓語從句在句中相當于名詞的作用，稱之為名詞性從句。2． 引導詞“that”不需翻譯。3． 賓語從句譯為漢語時，通常不需要改變語序。2006年Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists39。 only job is to explore emo