【正文】 ense, by no means, in vain, still less。如： Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state. (1985年考研題) 注：1)如果謂語動(dòng)詞是單個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，倒裝時(shí)需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)加助動(dòng)詞do。如： Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly. （1983年考研題） 2）考生要廣義理解“句首”的概念，注意從句的句首和并列分句的句首均為句首。如： Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips。 not only was he the prophet of the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most important method of prediction. 2．以only修飾狀語（副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句）開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝： only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。如： Only when you have obtained sufficient data e to a sound conclusion. [A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can 3．以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝： often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time。如： So involved with their puters that leaders at summer puter camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. [A]became the children [B]bee the children [C]had the children bee [D]do the children bee (2001年考研題，答案為D) 4．比較從句的倒裝： as, than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（不倒裝也可以）。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。如： Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Today’s electuic cars cannot go as fast as gasolinedriven vehicles because the battery does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline bustion. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body. 5．用于前面所說的情況也適用于另一人（物）的肯定句或否定句中的倒裝 1） 肯定重復(fù)倒裝用：so They have got up, and so has jack 2) 否定重復(fù)倒裝用：nor, neither, no more If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they 6．“not only..but also”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，如果not only 放在句首，則前半句but (also)句子后面不倒裝 Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to being broke. 三． 特殊的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 特殊形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是指句子雖然是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而往往是出于強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，把強(qiáng)調(diào)部分移到句首，而其它部分順序不需要改變，句子主謂不需要倒裝。出現(xiàn)這樣的情況有以下幾種可能： 1．讓步從句的倒裝。 1）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如： Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job. Brave as they are, they are afraid of fight 2）．出現(xiàn)在句型be+主語+其他，e what may中。如： While it’s true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic. The business of each day selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. [A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was (答案為B) 3) no matter how(who…)。however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如： No matter how busy he is , he has to attend the meeting However cold it is , he always goes swimming.語法測試 said that she __ much progress since she came here. A. makes B. made C. have made D had made 2. “What’s the matter, Ali? You look sad. “Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I my friends back home. A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 3. She on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words. A. will be working B. worked C. has been working D. will have worked 4. The mittee will not make the decision until it the matter. A. has investigated C. will have investigated D. investigated 5. Carey didn39。t go to the party last night because she the baby for her sister until 9:30. A. must have looked after B. would have to look after C. had to look after D. should have looked after 6. four years since John left school. A. They have been B. It is C. It was D. Those are car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about 4 o39。 clock this afternoon. A. has gone B. has not gone C will be going D. has been going 8. By the time you arrive in London, we __ in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 9. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed . A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D. had been produced 10. The president __ the delegation at the airport but he was taken ill last night, so the vicepresident is going to instead. A. is to meet B. was to meet C. has been to meet D. was to have met 1