【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 s that...，賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是the antiscience tag has been attached to...groups。from...to...此處相當(dāng)于such as...，每個(gè)例子分別含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句who advocated...和who advocated，由and連接表示并列關(guān)系。

18. They have in mon only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.()

【譯文】他們只有一點(diǎn)是相同的，就是想惹怒或恐嚇那些自認(rèn)為更文明的人。

【析句】句子很短，但包含兩個(gè)從句，that they tend to...作the only one thing的同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句里又包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句who regard themselves...

19. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions， for example and many are required by state or federal regulations， it isn t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. ( A)

【譯文】警告往往是恰當(dāng)且必要的，比如提醒藥物反應(yīng)帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)，有些警告也是州法或聯(lián)邦法律所要求的。但事實(shí)上，若使用者受傷，法律條款并沒(méi)有明確地保護(hù)生產(chǎn)商或銷(xiāo)售者使其不必承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

【析句】整句話(huà)的主干是主句+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中，it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是they actually protect...from liability，主句里又包括一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，有兩個(gè)并列的分句warnings are...and many are...。破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容屬于插入語(yǔ)，抓主干時(shí)可暫時(shí)省略。

20. As personal injury claims continue as before， some courts are beginning to side with defendants， especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn t have changed anything. ( A)

【譯文】隨著人身傷害起訴案件一如既往地不斷增加，一些法庭的判決開(kāi)始偏向被告，尤其是在商品警告標(biāo)簽可能起不了多大作用的情況下。

【析句】整句話(huà)由主句some courts are beginning...+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as personal injury claims...as before構(gòu)成。其中，主句更為復(fù)雜，又包括一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)態(tài)虛擬為語(yǔ)氣wouldn t have changed...。

21. At the same time， the American Law Institute a group of judges， lawyers， and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.( A)

【譯文】與此同時(shí)，美國(guó)法律研究所由一群法官、律師和理論專(zhuān)家組成，他們的建議分量極重發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導(dǎo)方針，宣稱(chēng)公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn)，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請(qǐng)他們注意一些可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。

【析句】首先把破折號(hào)中間的插入語(yǔ)省略不看，句子的主干是the American Law Institute issued new guildelines for tort law，stating that ...是動(dòng)名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可以另寫(xiě)為which stated...。再看插入語(yǔ)中，包含一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。正是各種從句的存在使得整句話(huà)顯得復(fù)雜難解，也是考生在作文中應(yīng)該借鑒之處。

22. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate， then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

【譯文】如果實(shí)驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所示的那樣如實(shí)地根據(jù)計(jì)劃規(guī)劃和實(shí)施的話(huà)，那么對(duì)管理層來(lái)說(shuō)，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢(qián)衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。

【析句】首先抓主干，主干是一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句If experiments are planned and carried...， then it is perfetly logical...。if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)as faithfully as the reports...indicate，相比較的成分是experiments are planned and carried out 和the reports...indicate，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不同，所以后面不能用do代替，例如He runs faster than I do。主句中出現(xiàn)了it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to expect research to...。

23. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

【譯文】審計(jì)人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標(biāo)并知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的科學(xué)家們根本沒(méi)必要在一只眼盯著顯微鏡時(shí)，還要分心用另一只眼睛盯著現(xiàn)金計(jì)數(shù)器。

【析句】因?yàn)閕t此處作形式主語(yǔ)替代不定式引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，所以真正的句子主干應(yīng)該是to believe that... is entirely should not be distracted by the necessity...register，后面有while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句里又包含多個(gè)從句：who know ...引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾scientists；where...goingand how...there是know的賓語(yǔ)從句。長(zhǎng)句里包含從句，從句中又包含從句，是英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句難以理解的主要原因。

24. Nor， if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect， is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. (1999. 閱讀. Text 5)

【譯文】如果科學(xué)家們做試驗(yàn)和寫(xiě)論文一樣步驟規(guī)范、遵守要求，那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中 思維與眾不同的人 、喜歡其中思想較為傳統(tǒng)的 善于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作 的人而受到指責(zé)了。

【析句】英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中，從句的位置比較靈活，可根據(jù)需要放在句前、句中、句后。這里就是從句放在句子的例子，割裂了主句，增加了閱讀的困難程度。本句是由一個(gè)完全否定的主句nor is management to be blamed for...和一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句組成的if regularity and conformity are...as...as...(比較結(jié)構(gòu))構(gòu)成。主語(yǔ)從句中連續(xù)用了三個(gè)介詞，for表原因，aganist表反對(duì)，in favor of表支持，要注意英語(yǔ)中介詞的應(yīng)用；thinkers后是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

25. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Se