【正文】 ons on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個(gè)句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。然而，在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會(huì)干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話，什么時(shí)候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握；再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個(gè)句子有什么特別的地方，看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。意群訓(xùn)練：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.19. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. （4）起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識(shí)，而這種意識(shí)在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存，因?yàn)樗齻兠總€(gè)人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾解釋：本句讀到表示并列的連詞and開始變難。and之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一個(gè)與前面一樣的謂語came?！acking之后的分詞作定語修飾a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句又修飾逗號(hào)前面的salonnieres此從句中又有一個(gè)定語從句that each salonniere held in her own salon修飾其前的primacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語，因此被省略。意群訓(xùn)練：However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestocking came to regard themselves as a women39。s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.20. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional　　similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. （5）隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對(duì)昆蟲和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻，而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠，雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。 難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略解釋：本句子的中間一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看暈，其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由兩個(gè)and連接了三個(gè)部分，然而它們其實(shí)不是同一層次的并列，第一個(gè)and實(shí)際上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分，是并列的，而and之后的less so with其實(shí)是對(duì)于一個(gè)完整的表達(dá)方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式，去掉了與前面重復(fù)的成分。后面修飾的structural differences的定語從句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中，又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)別扭的插入語at first glance，把應(yīng)該連在一起的seem to 粗暴地分開，令人不熟悉此類難句的人倍感不適。意群訓(xùn)練：As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.21. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.（4） 雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀，但其作者則是以非意識(shí)形態(tài)的方式對(duì)這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的，而將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識(shí)形態(tài)的工具來探討，會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾解釋：本句從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來講，惟一的難度在于and之后的句子的主語talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太長，以至于看到謂語circumvent的時(shí)候已經(jīng)搞不清楚主謂了。更大的難度恐怕還在于對(duì)兩個(gè)詞匯的理解circumvent和enterprise。我們以前所背過的circumvent有兩個(gè)詞義，一個(gè)是規(guī)避，一是以計(jì)謀戰(zhàn)勝，但是這兩種意思放到此處都顯然不通；其實(shí)circumvent有一個(gè)我們沒有背過的最常用的意思是包圍、限制或陷害；至于enterprise常用的意思是企業(yè)，這里的指事業(yè)。意群訓(xùn)練：Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.22. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic？ （3）這究竟是一種缺陷呢，還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系？難句類型：插入語解釋：本句的句子既短，意思也不難理解，但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強(qiáng)。意群訓(xùn)練：Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?23. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism 。 does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? （5）不僅如此，有些黑人小說（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢？這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語解釋：在本句中有三個(gè)詞需要先解釋一番：verge on這個(gè)詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思，hero在文學(xué)作品中是主人公的意思，pit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思，其英文釋義為：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with againt which Black heros are ：pit black heros againt fate。另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，分號(hào)之后是一個(gè)一般疑問句，但是由于修飾成分過多，過長，使得讀者看不清楚這個(gè)句子在問什么。其實(shí)如果沒有最后的那個(gè)prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句會(huì)易懂得多。意群訓(xùn)練：In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer39。s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism； does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?24. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon　Johnson’s Autobiography of an ExColored Man. （4）注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A《黑人小說》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說，在此過程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜（James Weldon Johnson）的《一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》（Autobiography of an ExColored Man）。 難句類型：倒裝解釋：在以bringing開頭的作狀語的分詞中出現(xiàn)了倒裝，bring A to B被倒裝為bring to B A,其倒裝的原因仍是為了避免頭重腳輕，正常的語序應(yīng)該如下：bringing some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon johnson39。s Autobiography of an ExColored Man to our attention in the process.意群訓(xùn)練：Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels， bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon　Johnson39。s Autobiography of an ExColored Man.25. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where m