【正文】 —New York, London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world, attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so. （劍4, General Training Test A passage 3）　　分析：本句的主句為“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”；“Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris and Berlin”現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)；“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”兩個(gè)并列的分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，其中“wherever it was shown”wherever引導(dǎo)的為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，“as it did so”為as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。1. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union. （劍4, test4 passage 1）　　分析：本句的主句為“These methods include strength training”；“that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”為定語(yǔ)從句，做“strength training”的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that；“what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”為賓語(yǔ)從句，由what引導(dǎo)；“a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union”為plyometrics的同位語(yǔ)?！　?. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. （劍4, test4 passage 1）　　分析：本句的主句為“A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance”；“recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)?！　?. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists, who put their minds to prehending something that was too plex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations. （劍4, test4 passage 1）　　分析：本句較長(zhǎng)，主句為“That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists”；“who put their minds to prehending something”為定語(yǔ)從句，做biomechanics specialists 的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為who；“that was too plex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations”也是定語(yǔ)從句，做something的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。　　4. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we e to understand what these things mean for the human story. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句的主句為“But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation”；“so that we e to understand what these things mean for the human story”為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；“what these things mean for the human story”為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做understand的賓語(yǔ)?！　?. Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture39。 in a more restricted sense when they refer to the ‘culture39。 of a particular society, meaning the nonbiological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句的主句為“Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture39。 in a more restricted sense”，“when they refer to the ‘culture39。 of a particular society”為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；“meaning the nonbiological characteristics unique to that society”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)；“which distinguish it from other societies”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為which。　　6. Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句的主句為“Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved”；“as it is also called”定語(yǔ)從句，做biological anthropology的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為as；“how they evolved”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做concern的賓語(yǔ)?！　?. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary munities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains—the buildings, tools, and other artifacts that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句主句為“archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains”；“Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary munities”為whereas引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；“that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies”為定語(yǔ)從句，做the buildings, tools, and other artifacts的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that；“what is known as the material culture left over from former societies”為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做constitute的賓語(yǔ)。　　8. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology39。, where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary munities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture—how they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do, and so on. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句主句為“Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology39?！保弧皐here, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary munities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture”為定語(yǔ)從句，做‘ethnoarchaeology39。的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where；“how such societies use material culture”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做learn的賓語(yǔ)；“how they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do”位于破折號(hào)后面，解釋前文中的“how such societies use material culture”, 也是how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；“where they do”為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句?！　?. Heritage studies constitute a developing field, where it is realized that the world39。s cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holds different meanings for different people. （劍4, test4 passage 2）　　分析：本句的主句為“Heritage studies constitute a developing field”；“where it is realized that the world39。s cultural heritage is a diminishing resource”為定語(yǔ)從句，做a developing field的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where；“that the world39。s cultural heritage is a diminishing resource”為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)；“which holds different meanings for different people.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做a diminishing resource的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為which?！　?0. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and prehistory is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importanc