【正文】 ructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can e to you many times.[參考譯文]研究論文，多是在一門課程的學(xué)習(xí)過程中布置的，又有指導(dǎo)教師不時(shí)地進(jìn)行檢查，可以將學(xué)習(xí)者帶出教室，使其擺脫課堂教材的束縛，進(jìn)入一個(gè)不斷獲得新發(fā)現(xiàn)和新知識的充滿樂趣的過程。28．At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a bination of roles—marriage, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in wellbeing, despite warnings about stress and strain.[參考譯文]至少在中年階段上，最幸福的女性是那些身兼數(shù)職的婦女——她們?yōu)槿似?，為人母，又有自己的職業(yè)，——盡管她們也很勞累很緊張。29．Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the plicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.[參考譯文]我們的先輩對普遍存在于自然界、并制約自然界的、復(fù)雜而又脆弱的系統(tǒng)知之甚少，甚至一無所知。受制于這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的自然界就像生命體一樣，一部分出了問題，其他部分遲早會受影響。30．We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth.[參考譯文]我們要認(rèn)識到大樹的重要性，因?yàn)閯游锏纳婵臻g不僅應(yīng)按平方面積來計(jì)算，還應(yīng)按立方體積來計(jì)算。31．They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[參考譯文]他們認(rèn)為，明知某些行為會縮短生命卻還要去干，那無異于自殺。32．But the effect of all this on the food situation is this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food.[參考譯文]與此同時(shí)，由于政府逐步削減食品補(bǔ)貼而引起的價(jià)格上漲，使上述一切對英國的食品供應(yīng)狀況所產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)一步惡化。33．More over, the rise in domestic prices has e at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the homeproduced variety.[參考譯文]英國的食品價(jià)格是在世界食品價(jià)格開始下跌這一背景下上漲的，結(jié)果，除了谷物之外，其他進(jìn)口食品通常要比本國食品還要便宜。34．The hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the notsobad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.[參考譯文]令人們感到痛苦的是，多少意識到自己無知，知道問題最大的地方和問題不太嚴(yán)重的地方，但卻看不到解決問題的希望所在或解決問題的途徑。35．The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in townandcountry planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home.[參考譯文]多年來指導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)規(guī)劃的理論，是把生活區(qū)、工作區(qū)、交通地段和娛樂區(qū)彼此分開，結(jié)果，過多地發(fā)展了遠(yuǎn)離住宅區(qū)的娛樂設(shè)施而忽視了住宅區(qū)周圍的娛樂設(shè)施。36．Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.[參考譯文]同時(shí)，工會發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)，工人應(yīng)該通過提高工資、延長休息時(shí)間和改善生活水平等形式來分享自動化帶來的生產(chǎn)增加、成本降低的利益。37．And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middleclass person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.[參考譯文]50年前，被雇傭意味著在工廠、農(nóng)場當(dāng)勞工?？墒墙裉?，雇員越來越多地來自中產(chǎn)階級，他們受過較多的正規(guī)教育，從事對智力、技能要求較高的專業(yè)或管理工作。38．Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade。 the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.[參考譯文]可以肯定，人們失敗的原因更多的是不懂得如何當(dāng)好雇員，而不是缺乏本行業(yè)的專業(yè)技能。你的地位越高，擔(dān)任的行政管理工作權(quán)力越大，你就越要注意如何在單位內(nèi)部開展工作方面下功夫，這比技術(shù)能力和專業(yè)知識重要得多。39．The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for roundtheclock working of machines.[參考譯文]例如，由于工業(yè)自動化要求機(jī)器晝夜運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，人們能否輕松地把白天工作改成晚上工作就成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中日益重要地問題了。40． When they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance.[參考譯文]當(dāng)他們改上夜班時(shí)，這個(gè)模式又要重新逐漸適應(yīng)新的情況，這一適應(yīng)變化的速度與整個(gè)身體的適應(yīng)程度大體一致，從工作表現(xiàn)方面來看更是如此。41．Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates（傳播）the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice（惡意）of the malicious.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，由于電話不偏不倚地傳播科學(xué)家的真知，無知者的廢話，仁者的愛心，歹徒的惡意，它也就擴(kuò)大了人間沖突的范圍。42．To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies.[參考譯文]認(rèn)為兒童通過模仿學(xué)習(xí)，因此認(rèn)為給兒童樹立榜樣便是教育兒童的訣竅，這種觀點(diǎn)把問題簡單化了。43．A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.[參考譯文]再過一百萬年，人類與他制造的機(jī)械裝置就會合而為一，其關(guān)系之密切正如人體的肌肉和控制肌肉運(yùn)動的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞密不可分一樣。