【正文】 . Aldous Huxley in Brave New World got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance panies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could e at the end of the next century and the technology is parable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry ware” machine, so that we could live on without the “wetware” of a biological brain and body. The 20th century’s revolution in info technology will thereby merge with the 21st century’s revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let’s turn the page now and get back to real science.. Frankenstein’s remarks are mentioned in the text_______[A] to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs.[B] to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends.[C] to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago.[D] to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology. can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed_______[A] excessively and extravagantly. [B] reasonably and cautiously.[C] aggressively and indiscriminately. [D] openly and enthusiastically. the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that_______[A] DNA technology should be placed in the charge of individuals.[B] government should assume less control over individuals.[C] people need government to protect their DNA information.[D] old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning. from the information in the last paragraph, we can predict that the author is likely to write which of the following in the next section?[A] The reflection upon biotechnological morality.[B] The offensive invasion of our personal privacy.[C] The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants.[D] The present state of biotechnological research. to the last paragraph, “dryware” is to “wetware” as_______[A] “collective” to “individual”. [B] “fictional” to “factual”.[C] “mechanical” to “corporeal”. [D] “temporary” to “permanent”.答案與解析21 [D]題干問：“本文引用弗蘭肯斯坦博士所說的話的目的是為了……”。此題可以定位在第1自然段，且文章3段反復(fù)強調(diào)“moral philosophies”，因此選項[D]“引入生物技術(shù)中所存在的道德問題的話題”為正確選項。而選項[A]“給出DNA技術(shù)突破的精彩的一頁”，選項[B]“強調(diào)手段對達(dá)到一種永久目的的重要性”和選項[C]“顯示出他是如何在一千年前創(chuàng)造一種新的生命形式”都與原文不相符，不是作者引用的目的22 [B]題干問：“我們從文章可以得出結(jié)論：人類克隆技術(shù)應(yīng)該使用的方式是……”。正確選項為[B]“合理的并且是相當(dāng)謹(jǐn)慎的”，從文中4自然段定位，歸納以后得出這樣的選項。而選項[A]“過分和奢侈的”，選項[C]“激進(jìn)的和不分青紅皂白的”和選項[D]“公開的而且是熱情的”都與作者在整篇文章透露的語氣不相吻合。23 [A]題干問：“我們從本文得知，奧爾德斯賀胥黎持有怎樣的觀點？”此題可定位在第4自然段，正確選項為[A]“DNA技術(shù)應(yīng)該受到人的控制”，作者在文中對奧爾德斯賀胥黎的觀點提出了一種批判。而選項[B]“政府應(yīng)該對個人少加以控制”，選項[C]“人們需要政府來保護DNA信息”，和原文的意思是相反的。選項[D]“關(guān)于人類克隆的道德觀念應(yīng)該破除”與問題不符合。24 [D]題干問：“從全文最后一段推測，我們能預(yù)測下面哪項是作者在下一部分將要講述的內(nèi)容？”此題可定位于全文的最后一句。正確選項為[D]“生物技術(shù)研究的現(xiàn)狀”。而選項[A]“反思生物技術(shù)的道德”，選項[B]“對我們的個人隱私的冒犯性的侵犯”和選項[C]“我們后代智商不可避免的改變”都無法從文章的邏輯得出這樣的判斷。25 [C]題干問：“根據(jù)最后一段，‘干件’和‘濕件’的關(guān)系就像……”。在文中“干件”指的是機器，“濕件”指的是人的肉體，因此選項[C]“機器和肉體的關(guān)系”為正確選項。而選項[A]“整體和個體”，選項[B]“想象和現(xiàn)實”和選項[D]“暫時和永遠(yuǎn)”都不能構(gòu)成類比的邏輯關(guān)系。Passage 6Before a big exam, a sound night’s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two peting theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light ing on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern — what is referred to as “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the rad